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gunicorn/docs/content/news.md
Benoit Chesneau b3b98b1322 perf(asgi): optimize HTTP parser for improved performance 
- Read chunk size lines and trailers in 64-byte blocks instead of 1 byte
  at a time, pushing back excess data to the unreader buffer
- Reuse BytesIO buffers with truncate/seek instead of creating new
  objects to reduce GC pressure in AsyncUnreader
- Use bytearray.find() directly instead of converting to bytes first
  in header parsing loop
- Use index-based iteration for header parsing instead of list.pop(0)
  which is O(n) per pop vs O(1) for index access

Add tests for the optimized parsing code paths.
2026-02-18 10:00:46 +01:00

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<span id="news"></span>
# Changelog
## unreleased
### Performance
- **ASGI HTTP Parser Optimizations**: Improve ASGI worker HTTP parsing performance
- Read chunks in 64-byte blocks instead of 1 byte at a time for chunk size lines and trailers
- Reuse BytesIO buffers with truncate/seek instead of creating new objects (reduces GC pressure)
- Use `bytearray.find()` directly instead of converting to bytes first
- Use index-based iteration for header parsing instead of `list.pop(0)` (O(1) vs O(n))
---
## 25.1.0 - 2026-02-13
### New Features
- **Control Interface (gunicornc)**: Add interactive control interface for managing
running Gunicorn instances, similar to birdc for BIRD routing daemon
([PR #3505](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3505))
- Unix socket-based communication with JSON protocol
- Interactive mode with readline support and command history
- Commands: `show all/workers/dirty/config/stats/listeners`
- Worker management: `worker add/remove/kill`, `dirty add/remove`
- Server control: `reload`, `reopen`, `shutdown`
- New settings: `--control-socket`, `--control-socket-mode`, `--no-control-socket`
- New CLI tool: `gunicornc` for connecting to control socket
- See [Control Interface Guide](guides/gunicornc.md) for details
- **Dirty Stash**: Add global shared state between workers via `dirty.stash`
([PR #3503](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3503))
- In-memory key-value store accessible by all workers
- Supports get, set, delete, clear, keys, and has operations
- Useful for sharing state like feature flags, rate limits, or cached data
- **Dirty Binary Protocol**: Implement efficient binary protocol for dirty arbiter IPC
using TLV (Type-Length-Value) encoding
([PR #3500](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3500))
- More efficient than JSON for binary data
- Supports all Python types: str, bytes, int, float, bool, None, list, dict
- Better performance for large payloads
- **Dirty TTIN/TTOU Signals**: Add dynamic worker scaling for dirty arbiters
([PR #3504](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3504))
- Send SIGTTIN to increase dirty workers
- Send SIGTTOU to decrease dirty workers
- Respects minimum worker constraints from app configurations
### Changes
- **ASGI Worker**: Promoted from beta to stable
- **Dirty Arbiters**: Now marked as beta feature
### Documentation
- Fix Markdown formatting in /configure documentation
---
## 25.0.3 - 2026-02-07
### Bug Fixes
- Fix RuntimeError when StopIteration is raised inside ASGI response body
coroutine (PEP 479 compliance)
- Fix deprecation warning for passing maxsplit as positional argument in
`re.split()` (Python 3.13+)
---
## 25.0.2 - 2026-02-06
### Bug Fixes
- Fix ASGI concurrent request failures through nginx proxy by normalizing
sockaddr tuples to handle both 2-tuple (IPv4) and 4-tuple (IPv6) formats
([PR #3485](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3485))
- Fix graceful disconnect handling for ASGI worker to properly handle
client disconnects without raising exceptions
([PR #3485](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3485))
- Fix lazy import of dirty module for gevent compatibility - prevents
import errors when concurrent.futures is imported before gevent monkey-patching
([PR #3483](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3483))
### Changes
- Refactor: Extract `_normalize_sockaddr` utility function for consistent
socket address handling across workers
- Add license headers to all Python source files
- Update copyright year to 2026 in LICENSE and NOTICE files
---
## 25.0.1 - 2026-02-02
### Bug Fixes
- Fix ASGI streaming responses (SSE) hanging: add chunked transfer encoding for
HTTP/1.1 responses without Content-Length header. Without chunked encoding,
clients wait for connection close to determine end-of-response.
### Changes
- Update celery_alternative example to use FastAPI with native ASGI worker and
uvloop for async task execution
### Testing
- Add ASGI compliance test suite with Docker-based integration tests covering HTTP,
WebSocket, streaming, lifespan, framework integration (Starlette, FastAPI),
HTTP/2, and concurrency scenarios
---
## 25.0.0 - 2026-02-01
### New Features
- **Dirty Arbiters**: Separate process pool for executing long-running, blocking
operations (AI model loading, heavy computation) without blocking HTTP workers
([PR #3460](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3460))
- Inspired by Erlang's dirty schedulers
- Asyncio-based with Unix socket IPC
- Stateful workers that persist loaded resources
- New settings: `--dirty-app`, `--dirty-workers`, `--dirty-timeout`,
`--dirty-threads`, `--dirty-graceful-timeout`
- Lifecycle hooks: `on_dirty_starting`, `dirty_post_fork`,
`dirty_worker_init`, `dirty_worker_exit`
- **Per-App Worker Allocation for Dirty Arbiters**: Control how many dirty workers
load each app for memory optimization with heavy models
([PR #3473](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3473))
- Set `workers` class attribute on DirtyApp (e.g., `workers = 2`)
- Or use config format `module:class:N` (e.g., `myapp:HeavyModel:2`)
- Requests automatically routed to workers with the target app
- New exception `DirtyNoWorkersAvailableError` for graceful error handling
- Example: 8 workers × 10GB model = 80GB → with `workers=2`: 20GB (75% savings)
- **HTTP/2 Support (Beta)**: Native HTTP/2 (RFC 7540) support for improved performance
with modern clients ([PR #3468](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3468))
- Multiplexed streams over a single connection
- Header compression (HPACK)
- Flow control and stream prioritization
- Works with gthread, gevent, and ASGI workers
- New settings: `--http-protocols`, `--http2-max-concurrent-streams`,
`--http2-initial-window-size`, `--http2-max-frame-size`, `--http2-max-header-list-size`
- Requires SSL/TLS and h2 library: `pip install gunicorn[http2]`
- See [HTTP/2 Guide](guides/http2.md) for details
- New example: `examples/http2_gevent/` with Docker and tests
- **HTTP 103 Early Hints**: Support for RFC 8297 Early Hints to enable browsers to
preload resources before the final response
([PR #3468](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3468))
- WSGI: `environ['wsgi.early_hints'](headers)` callback
- ASGI: `http.response.informational` message type
- Works with both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2
- **uWSGI Protocol for ASGI Worker**: The ASGI worker now supports receiving requests
via the uWSGI binary protocol from nginx
([PR #3467](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3467))
### Bug Fixes
- Fix HTTP/2 ALPN negotiation for gevent and eventlet workers when
`do_handshake_on_connect` is False (the default). The TLS handshake is now
explicitly performed before checking `selected_alpn_protocol()`.
- Fix setproctitle initialization with systemd socket activation
([#3465](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/3465))
- Fix `Expect: 100-continue` handling: ignore the header for HTTP/1.0 requests
since 100-continue is only valid for HTTP/1.1+
([PR #3463](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3463))
- Fix missing `_expected_100_continue` attribute in UWSGIRequest
- Disable setproctitle on macOS to prevent segfaults during process title updates
- Publish full exception traceback when the application fails to load
([#3462](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/3462))
- Fix ASGI: quick shutdown on SIGINT/SIGQUIT, graceful on SIGTERM
### Deprecations
- **Eventlet Worker**: The `eventlet` worker is deprecated and will be removed in
Gunicorn 26.0. Eventlet itself is [no longer actively maintained](https://eventlet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/asyncio/migration.html).
Please migrate to `gevent`, `gthread`, or another supported worker type.
### Changes
- Remove obsolete Makefile targets
([PR #3471](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3471))
---
## 24.1.1 - 2026-01-24
### Bug Fixes
- Fix `forwarded_allow_ips` and `proxy_allow_ips` to remain as strings for backward
compatibility with external tools like uvicorn. Network validation now uses strict
mode to detect invalid CIDR notation (e.g., `192.168.1.1/24` where host bits are set)
([#3458](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/3458),
[PR #3459](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3459))
---
## 24.1.0 - 2026-01-23
### New Features
- **Official Docker Image**: Gunicorn now publishes official Docker images to GitHub
Container Registry at `ghcr.io/benoitc/gunicorn`
- Based on Python 3.12 slim image
- Uses recommended worker formula (2 × CPU + 1)
- Configurable via environment variables
- **PROXY Protocol v2 Support**: Extended PROXY protocol implementation to support
the binary v2 format in addition to the existing text-based v1 format
- New `--proxy-protocol` modes: `off`, `v1`, `v2`, `auto`
- Works with HAProxy, AWS NLB/ALB, and other PROXY protocol v2 sources
- **CIDR Network Support**: `--forwarded-allow-ips` and `--proxy-allow-from` now
accept CIDR notation (e.g., `192.168.0.0/16`) for specifying trusted networks
- **Socket Backlog Metric**: New `gunicorn.socket.backlog` gauge metric reports
the current socket backlog size on Linux systems
- **InotifyReloader Enhancement**: The inotify-based reloader now watches newly
imported modules, not just those loaded at startup
### Bug Fixes
- Fix signal handling regression where SIGCLD alias caused errors on Linux
- Fix socket blocking mode on keepalive connections with async workers
- Handle `SSLWantReadError` in `finish_body()` to prevent worker hangs
- Log SIGTERM as info level instead of warning
- Print exception details to stderr when worker fails to boot
- Fix `unreader.unread()` to prepend data to buffer instead of appending
- Prevent `RecursionError` when pickling Config objects
---
## 24.0.0 - 2026-01-23
### New Features
- **ASGI Worker (Beta)**: Native asyncio-based ASGI support for running async Python
frameworks like FastAPI, Starlette, and Quart without external dependencies
- HTTP/1.1 with keepalive connections
- WebSocket support
- Lifespan protocol for startup/shutdown hooks
- Optional uvloop for improved performance
- **uWSGI Binary Protocol**: Support for receiving requests from nginx via
`uwsgi_pass` directive
- **Documentation Migration**: Migrated to MkDocs with Material theme
### Security
- **eventlet**: Require eventlet >= 0.40.3 (CVE-2021-21419, CVE-2025-58068)
- **gevent**: Require gevent >= 24.10.1 (CVE-2023-41419, CVE-2024-3219)
- **tornado**: Require tornado >= 6.5.0 (CVE-2025-47287)
---
## 23.0.0 - 2024-08-10
- minor docs fixes ([PR #3217](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3217), [PR #3089](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3089), [PR #3167](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3167))
- worker_class parameter accepts a class ([PR #3079](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3079))
- fix deadlock if request terminated during chunked parsing ([PR #2688](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/2688))
- permit receiving Transfer-Encodings: compress, deflate, gzip ([PR #3261](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3261))
- permit Transfer-Encoding headers specifying multiple encodings. note: no parameters, still ([PR #3261](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3261))
- sdist generation now explicitly excludes sphinx build folder ([PR #3257](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3257))
- decode bytes-typed status (as can be passed by gevent) as utf-8 instead of raising `TypeError` ([PR #2336](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/2336))
- raise correct Exception when encounting invalid chunked requests ([PR #3258](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3258))
- the SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO headers, when received from allowed forwarders, are no longer restricted for containing an underscore ([PR #3192](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3192))
- include IPv6 loopback address ``[::1]`` in default for [forwarded-allow-ips](reference/settings.md#forwarded_allow_ips) and [proxy-allow-ips](reference/settings.md#proxy_allow_ips) ([PR #3192](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3192))
!!! note
- The SCRIPT_NAME change mitigates a regression that appeared first in the 22.0.0 release
- Review your [forwarded-allow-ips](reference/settings.md#forwarded_allow_ips) setting if you are still not seeing the SCRIPT_NAME transmitted
- Review your [forwarder-headers](reference/settings.md#forwarder_headers) setting if you are missing headers after upgrading from a version prior to 22.0.0
### Breaking changes
- refuse requests where the uri field is empty ([PR #3255](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3255))
- refuse requests with invalid CR/LR/NUL in heade field values ([PR #3253](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3253))
- remove temporary ``--tolerate-dangerous-framing`` switch from 22.0 ([PR #3260](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/pull/3260))
- If any of the breaking changes affect you, be aware that now refused requests can post a security problem, especially so in setups involving request pipe-lining and/or proxies.
## 22.0.0 - 2024-04-17
- use `utime` to notify workers liveness
- migrate setup to pyproject.toml
- fix numerous security vulnerabilities in HTTP parser (closing some request smuggling vectors)
- parsing additional requests is no longer attempted past unsupported request framing
- on HTTP versions < 1.1 support for chunked transfer is refused (only used in exploits)
- requests conflicting configured or passed SCRIPT_NAME now produce a verbose error
- Trailer fields are no longer inspected for headers indicating secure scheme
- support Python 3.12
### Breaking changes
- minimum version is Python 3.7
- the limitations on valid characters in the HTTP method have been bounded to Internet Standards
- requests specifying unsupported transfer coding (order.md) are refused by default (rare.md)
- HTTP methods are no longer casefolded by default (IANA method registry contains none affected)
- HTTP methods containing the number sign (#) are no longer accepted by default (rare.md)
- HTTP versions < 1.0 or >= 2.0 are no longer accepted by default (rare, only HTTP/1.1 is supported)
- HTTP versions consisting of multiple digits or containing a prefix/suffix are no longer accepted
- HTTP header field names Gunicorn cannot safely map to variables are silently dropped, as in other software
- HTTP headers with empty field name are refused by default (no legitimate use cases, used in exploits)
- requests with both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length are refused by default (such a message might indicate an attempt to perform request smuggling)
- empty transfer codings are no longer permitted (reportedly seen with really old & broken proxies)
### Security
- fix CVE-2024-1135
## History
- [2026](2026-news.md)
- [2024](2024-news.md)
- [2023](2023-news.md)
- [2021](2021-news.md)
- [2020](2020-news.md)
- [2019](2019-news.md)
- [2018](2018-news.md)
- [2017](2017-news.md)
- [2016](2016-news.md)
- [2015](2015-news.md)
- [2014](2014-news.md)
- [2013](2013-news.md)
- [2012](2012-news.md)
- [2011](2011-news.md)
- [2010](2010-news.md)
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