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Implement HTTP 103 Early Hints as modern replacement for HTTP/2 Server Push.
This allows servers to send resource hints before the final response,
enabling browsers to preload assets in parallel.
WSGI support:
- Add wsgi.early_hints callback to environ dict
- Apps can call environ['wsgi.early_hints'](headers) to send 103 responses
- Silently ignored for HTTP/1.0 clients (don't support 1xx responses)
ASGI support:
- Handle http.response.informational message type
- Apps can await send({"type": "http.response.informational", "status": 103, ...})
HTTP/2 support:
- Add send_informational() method to HTTP2ServerConnection
- Add async send_informational() method to AsyncHTTP2Connection
- Wire up early hints in gthread worker for HTTP/2 requests
Includes unit tests and Docker integration tests for all protocols.
HTTP/2 Docker Integration Tests
================================
This directory contains Docker-based integration tests for HTTP/2 support
in Gunicorn. These tests verify real HTTP/2 connections using actual HTTP/2
clients, both directly to Gunicorn and through an nginx reverse proxy.
Prerequisites
-------------
- Docker and Docker Compose
- OpenSSL (for generating test certificates)
- Python with ``httpx[http2]`` installed
Running the Tests
-----------------
1. Install test dependencies::
pip install -e ".[testing]"
2. Generate SSL certificates (done automatically by tests, or manually)::
cd tests/docker/http2
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 \
-keyout certs/server.key \
-out certs/server.crt \
-days 1 -nodes \
-subj "/CN=localhost"
3. Run the Docker integration tests::
# From the project root
pytest tests/docker/http2/ -v
Or with Docker Compose manually::
cd tests/docker/http2
docker compose up -d
pytest -v
docker compose down -v
Test Categories
---------------
- **TestDirectHTTP2Connection**: Direct HTTP/2 connections to Gunicorn
- **TestConcurrentStreams**: HTTP/2 multiplexing with concurrent streams
- **TestHTTP2BehindProxy**: HTTP/2 through nginx reverse proxy
- **TestHTTP2Protocol**: ALPN negotiation and protocol fallback
- **TestHTTP2ErrorHandling**: Error responses over HTTP/2
- **TestHTTP2Headers**: HTTP/2 header handling
- **TestHTTP2Performance**: Performance-related tests
Architecture
------------
::
+--------+ HTTP/2 +-----------+
| Client | --------------> | Gunicorn |
+--------+ | (port 8443)|
| +-----------+
|
| HTTP/2 +-------+ HTTPS +-----------+
+---------------> | nginx | -----------> | Gunicorn |
| proxy | | (port 8443)|
| (8444)| +-----------+
+-------+
Files
-----
- ``docker-compose.yml`` - Service definitions
- ``Dockerfile.gunicorn`` - Gunicorn container with HTTP/2
- ``Dockerfile.nginx`` - nginx HTTP/2 proxy
- ``nginx.conf`` - nginx configuration
- ``app.py`` - Test WSGI application
- ``conftest.py`` - Pytest fixtures for Docker
- ``test_http2_docker.py`` - Integration tests
Troubleshooting
---------------
If tests fail to start:
1. Check Docker is running::
docker info
2. Check service logs::
cd tests/docker/http2
docker compose logs gunicorn-h2
docker compose logs nginx-h2
3. Verify certificates::
openssl x509 -in certs/server.crt -text -noout
4. Test manually with curl::
curl -k --http2 https://localhost:8443/
curl -k --http2 https://localhost:8444/