Merge branch 'master' into 1775-support-log-config-json

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: lint
+on: [push, pull_request]
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: tox-${{ matrix.toxenv }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        toxenv: [lint, docs-lint, pycodestyle]
+        python-version: [ "3.10" ]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Using Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install tox
+      - run: tox -e ${{ matrix.toxenv }}

.github/workflows/tox.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: tox
+on: [push, pull_request]
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+jobs:
+  tox:
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest] # All OSes pass except Windows because tests need Unix-only fcntl, grp, pwd, etc.
+        python-version: [ "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "pypy-3.7", "pypy-3.8" ]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Using Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install tox
+      - run: tox -e py

.pylintrc

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ disable=
     eval-used,
     fixme,
     import-error,
+    import-outside-toplevel,
     import-self,
     inconsistent-return-statements,
     invalid-name,
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ disable=
     no-staticmethod-decorator,
     not-callable,
     protected-access,
+    raise-missing-from,
     redefined-outer-name,
     too-few-public-methods,
     too-many-arguments,

.travis.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-sudo: false
-language: python
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - python: 3.7
-      env: TOXENV=lint
-      dist: xenial
-      sudo: true
-    - python: 3.4
-      env: TOXENV=py34
-    - python: 3.5
-      env: TOXENV=py35
-    - python: 3.6
-      env: TOXENV=py36
-    - python: 3.7
-      env: TOXENV=py37
-      dist: xenial
-      sudo: true
-    - python: 3.8-dev
-      env: TOXENV=py38-dev
-      dist: xenial
-      sudo: true
-  allow_failures:
-    - env: TOXENV=py38-dev
-install: pip install tox
-# TODO: https://github.com/tox-dev/tox/issues/149
-script: tox --recreate
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - .tox
-    - $HOME/.cache/pip

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ The relevant maintainer for a pull request is assigned in 3 steps:
 
 * Step 2: Find the MAINTAINERS file which affects this directory. If the directory itself does not have a MAINTAINERS file, work your way up the the repo hierarchy until you find one.
 
-* Step 3: The first maintainer listed is the primary maintainer. The pull request is assigned to him. He may assign it to other listed maintainers, at his discretion.
+* Step 3: The first maintainer listed is the primary maintainer who is assigned the Pull Request. The primary maintainer can reassign a Pull Request to other listed maintainers.
 
 
 ### I'm a maintainer, should I make pull requests too?

MAINTAINERS

@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
+Core maintainers
+================
+
 Benoit Chesneau <benoitc@gunicorn.org>
-Paul J. Davis <paul.joseph.davis@gmail.com>
-Randall Leeds <randall.leeds@gmail.com>
 Konstantin Kapustin <sirkonst@gmail.com>
+Randall Leeds <randall.leeds@gmail.com>
+Berker Peksağ <berker.peksag@gmail.com>
+Jason Madden <jason@nextthought.com>
+Brett Randall <javabrett@gmail.com>
+
+Alumni
+======
+
+This list contains maintainers that are no longer active on the project.
+It is thanks to these people that the project has become what it is today.
+Thank you!
+
+
+Paul J. Davis <paul.joseph.davis@gmail.com>
 Kenneth Reitz <me@kennethreitz.com>
 Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>
 Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
-Stéphane Wirtel <stephane@wirtel.be>
+Stéphane Wirtel <stephane@wirtel.be>
-Berker Peksağ <berker.peksag@gmail.com>

NOTICE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Gunicorn
 
-2009-2018 (c) Benoît Chesneau <benoitc@e-engura.org>
+2009-2023 (c) Benoît Chesneau <benoitc@gunicorn.org>
 2009-2015 (c) Paul J. Davis <paul.joseph.davis@gmail.com>
 
 Gunicorn is released under the MIT license. See the LICENSE
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
 of the software without specific, written prior permission.
 
 VINAY SAJIP DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
-INCLUDINGALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 VINAY SAJIP BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR
 ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
 IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
@@ -82,43 +82,8 @@ WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
-doc/sitemap_gen.py
-------------------
-Under BSD License :
-
-Copyright (c) 2004, 2005, Google Inc.
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-are met:
-
-    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
-    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
-      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
-      with the distribution.
-
-    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors
-      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
-      software without specific prior written permission.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
 
 util/unlink.py
 --------------
 
-backport frop python3 Lib/test/support.py
+backport from python3 Lib/test/support.py

README.rst

@@ -9,26 +9,30 @@ Gunicorn
     :alt: Supported Python versions
     :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/gunicorn
 
-.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/benoitc/gunicorn.svg?branch=master
+.. image:: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/actions/workflows/tox.yml/badge.svg
     :alt: Build Status
-    :target: https://travis-ci.org/benoitc/gunicorn
+    :target: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/actions/workflows/tox.yml
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/actions/workflows/lint.yml/badge.svg
+    :alt: Lint Status
+    :target: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/actions/workflows/lint.yml
 
 Gunicorn 'Green Unicorn' is a Python WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX. It's a pre-fork
 worker model ported from Ruby's Unicorn_ project. The Gunicorn server is broadly
 compatible with various web frameworks, simply implemented, light on server
 resource usage, and fairly speedy.
 
-Feel free to join us in `#gunicorn`_ on Freenode_.
+Feel free to join us in `#gunicorn`_ on `Libera.chat`_.
 
 Documentation
 -------------
 
-The documentation is hosted at http://docs.gunicorn.org.
+The documentation is hosted at https://docs.gunicorn.org.
 
 Installation
 ------------
 
-Gunicorn requires **Python **Python 3.x >= 3.4**.
+Gunicorn requires **Python 3.x >= 3.5**.
 
 Install from PyPI::
 
@@ -52,6 +56,12 @@ Example with test app::
     $ gunicorn --workers=2 test:app
 
 
+Contributing
+------------
+
+See `our complete contributor's guide <CONTRIBUTING.md>`_ for more details.
+
+
 License
 -------
 
@@ -59,6 +69,6 @@ Gunicorn is released under the MIT License. See the LICENSE_ file for more
 details.
 
 .. _Unicorn: https://bogomips.org/unicorn/
-.. _`#gunicorn`: https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=gunicorn
+.. _`#gunicorn`: https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#gunicorn
-.. _Freenode: https://freenode.net/
+.. _`Libera.chat`: https://libera.chat/
 .. _LICENSE: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/blob/master/LICENSE

THANKS

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Bartosz Oler <bartosz@bzimage.us>
 Ben Cochran <bcochran@gmail.com>
 Ben Oswald <ben.oswald@root-space.de>
 Benjamin Gilbert <bgilbert@backtick.net>
+Benny Mei <meibenny@gmail.com>
 Benoit Chesneau <bchesneau@gmail.com>
 Berker Peksag <berker.peksag@gmail.com>
 bninja <andrew@poundpay.com>
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ Chris Adams <chris@improbable.org>
 Chris Forbes <chrisf@ijw.co.nz>
 Chris Lamb <lamby@debian.org>
 Chris Streeter <chris@chrisstreeter.com>
+Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
 Christoph Heer <Christoph.Heer@gmail.com>
 Christos Stavrakakis <cstavr@grnet.gr>
 CMGS <ilskdw@mspil.edu.cn>
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ Dan Callaghan <dcallagh@redhat.com>
 Dan Sully <daniel-github@electricrain.com>
 Daniel Quinn <code@danielquinn.org>
 Dariusz Suchojad <dsuch-github@m.zato.io>
+David Black <github@dhb.is>
 David Vincelli <david@freshbooks.com>
 David Wolever <david@wolever.net>
 Denis Bilenko <denis.bilenko@gmail.com>
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ Eric Florenzano <floguy@gmail.com>
 Eric Shull <eric@elevenbasetwo.com>
 Eugene Obukhov <irvind25@gmail.com>
 Evan Mezeske <evan@meebo-inc.com>
+Florian Apolloner <florian@apolloner.eu>
 Gaurav Kumar <gauravkumar37@gmail.com>
 George Kollias <georgioskollias@gmail.com>
 George Notaras <gnot@g-loaded.eu>
@@ -101,12 +105,14 @@ Konstantin Kapustin <sirkonst@gmail.com>
 kracekumar <kracethekingmaker@gmail.com>
 Kristian Glass <git@doismellburning.co.uk>
 Kristian Øllegaard <kristian.ollegaard@divio.ch>
+Krystian <chrisjozwik@outlook.com>
 Krzysztof Urbaniak <urban@fail.pl>
 Kyle Kelley <rgbkrk@gmail.com>
 Kyle Mulka <repalviglator@yahoo.com>
 Lars Hansson <romabysen@gmail.com>
 Leonardo Santagada <santagada@gmail.com>
 Levi Gross <levi@levigross.com>
+licunlong <shenxiaogll@163.com>
 Łukasz Kucharski <lkucharski@leon.pl>
 Mahmoud Hashemi <mahmoudrhashemi@gmail.com>
 Malthe Borch <mborch@gmail.com>
@@ -151,6 +157,7 @@ Rik <rvachterberg@gmail.com>
 Ronan Amicel <ronan.amicel@gmail.com>
 Ryan Peck <ryan@rypeck.com>
 Saeed Gharedaghi <saeed.ghx68@gmail.com>
+Samuel Matos <samypr100@users.noreply.github.com>
 Sergey Rublev <narma.nsk@gmail.com>
 Shane Reustle <me@shanereustle.com>
 shouse-cars <shouse@cars.com>
@@ -161,7 +168,9 @@ Stephen DiCato <Locker537@gmail.com>
 Stephen Holsapple <sholsapp@gmail.com>
 Steven Cummings <estebistec@gmail.com>
 Sébastien Fievet <zyegfryed@gmail.com>
+Talha Malik <talham7391@hotmail.com>
 TedWantsMore <TedWantsMore@gmx.com>
+Teko012 <112829523+Teko012@users.noreply.github.com>
 Thomas Grainger <tagrain@gmail.com>
 Thomas Steinacher <tom@eggdrop.ch>
 Travis Cline <travis.cline@gmail.com>
@@ -176,3 +185,4 @@ WooParadog <guohaochuan@gmail.com>
 Xie Shi <xieshi@douban.com>
 Yue Du <ifduyue@gmail.com>
 zakdances <zakdances@gmail.com>
+Emile Fugulin <emilefugulin@hotmail.com>

appveyor.yml

@@ -2,23 +2,37 @@ version: '{branch}.{build}'
 environment:
   matrix:
     - TOXENV: lint
-      PYTHON: "C:\\Python37-x64"
+      PYTHON: "C:\\Python38-x64"
-    - TOXENV: py35
+    - TOXENV: docs-lint
-      PYTHON: "C:\\Python35-x64"
+      PYTHON: "C:\\Python38-x64"
-    - TOXENV: py36
+    - TOXENV: pycodestyle
-      PYTHON: "C:\\Python36-x64"
+      PYTHON: "C:\\Python38-x64"
-    - TOXENV: py37
+    # Windows is not ready for testing!!!
-      PYTHON: "C:\\Python37-x64"
+    # Python's fcntl, grp, pwd, os.geteuid(), and socket.AF_UNIX are all Unix-only.
+    #- TOXENV: py35
+    #  PYTHON: "C:\\Python35-x64"
+    #- TOXENV: py36
+    #  PYTHON: "C:\\Python36-x64"
+    #- TOXENV: py37
+    #  PYTHON: "C:\\Python37-x64"
+    #- TOXENV: py38
+    #  PYTHON: "C:\\Python38-x64"
+    #- TOXENV: py39
+    #  PYTHON: "C:\\Python39-x64"
 matrix:
   allow_failures:
     - TOXENV: py35
     - TOXENV: py36
     - TOXENV: py37
-init: SET "PATH=%PYTHON%;%PYTHON%\\Scripts;%PATH%"
+    - TOXENV: py38
+    - TOXENV: py39
+init:
+  - SET "PATH=%PYTHON%;%PYTHON%\\Scripts;%PATH%"
 install:
   - pip install tox
-build: off
+build: false
-test_script: tox
+test_script:
+  - tox
 cache:
   # Not including the .tox directory since it takes longer to download/extract
   # the cache archive than for tox to clean install from the pip cache.

docs/gunicorn_ext.py

@@ -50,27 +50,29 @@ def format_settings(app):
 def fmt_setting(s):
     if callable(s.default):
         val = inspect.getsource(s.default)
-        val = "\n".join("    %s" % l for l in val.splitlines())
+        val = "\n".join("    %s" % line for line in val.splitlines())
-        val = " ::\n\n" + val
+        val = "\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n" + val
     elif s.default == '':
-        val = "``(empty string)``"
+        val = "``''``"
     else:
-        val = "``%s``" % s.default
+        val = "``%r``" % s.default
 
     if s.cli and s.meta:
-        args = ["%s %s" % (arg, s.meta) for arg in s.cli]
+        cli = " or ".join("``%s %s``" % (arg, s.meta) for arg in s.cli)
-        cli = ', '.join(args)
     elif s.cli:
-        cli = ", ".join(s.cli)
+        cli = " or ".join("``%s``" % arg for arg in s.cli)
+    else:
+        cli = ""
 
     out = []
     out.append(".. _%s:\n" % s.name.replace("_", "-"))
-    out.append("%s" % s.name)
+    out.append("``%s``" % s.name)
-    out.append("~" * len(s.name))
+    out.append("~" * (len(s.name) + 4))
     out.append("")
     if s.cli:
-        out.append("* ``%s``" % cli)
+        out.append("**Command line:** %s" % cli)
-    out.append("* %s" % val)
+        out.append("")
+    out.append("**Default:** %s" % val)
     out.append("")
     out.append(s.desc)
     out.append("")

docs/site/index.html

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     <div class="logo-div">
       <div class="latest">
         Latest version: <strong><a
-            href="https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/">19.9.0</a></strong>
+            href="https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/">20.1.0</a></strong>
       </div>
 
       <div class="logo"><img src="images/logo.jpg" ></div>
@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@
           <li><a href="https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/projects/4">Forum</a></li>
           <li><a href="https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/projects/3">Mailing list</a>
         </ul>
-        <p>Project maintenance guidelines are avaible on the <a href="https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/wiki/Project-management">wiki</a></p>
+        <p>Project maintenance guidelines are available on the <a href="https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/wiki/Project-management">wiki</a></p>
         
-        <h1>Irc</h1>
+        <h1>IRC</h1>
-        <p>The Gunicorn channel is on the <a href="http://freenode.net/">Freenode</a> IRC
+        <p>The Gunicorn channel is on the <a href="https://libera.chat/">Libera Chat</a> IRC
-          network. You can chat with the community on the <a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=gunicorn">#gunicorn channel</a>.</p>
+          network. You can chat with the community on the <a href="https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#gunicorn">#gunicorn channel</a>.</p>
 
         <h1>Issue Tracking</h1>
         <p>Bug reports, enhancement requests and tasks generally go in the <a  href="http://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues">Github

docs/site/sitemap.xml

@@ -1,112 +1,73 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
-<urlset
+<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
-  xmlns="http://www.google.com/schemas/sitemap/0.84"
-  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.google.com/schemas/sitemap/0.84
-                      http://www.google.com/schemas/sitemap/0.84/sitemap.xsd">
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2019-11-27T00:02:48+01:00</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>1.0</priority>
+ </url>
+ <url>
+  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/community.html</loc>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/configuration.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/configure.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/css/</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/css/index.css</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/css/style.css</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/deploy.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/deployment.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/design.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/faq.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/images/</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/images/gunicorn.png</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/images/large_gunicorn.png</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/images/logo.png</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
- </url>
- <url>
-  <loc>http://gunicorn.org/index.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/install.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/installation.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/news.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-08T19:57:19Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/run.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/tuning.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
   <loc>http://gunicorn.org/usage.html</loc>
-  <lastmod>2010-07-01T05:14:22Z</lastmod>
+  <lastmod>2012-10-04T00:43:15+05:45</lastmod>
-  <priority>0.5000</priority>
+  <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
 </urlset>

docs/sitemap_config.xml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<site
- base_url="http://gunicorn.org"
- store_into="htdocs/sitemap.xml"
- verbose="1"
->
-
-<directory  path="htdocs/" url="http://gunicorn.org/" />
-
-<!-- Exclude URLs that end with a '~'   (IE: emacs backup files)      -->
-<filter  action="drop"  type="wildcard"  pattern="*~" />
-
-<!-- Exclude URLs within UNIX-style hidden files or directories       -->
-<filter  action="drop"  type="regexp"    pattern="/\.[^/]*" />
-
-<!-- Exclude github CNAME file -->
-<filter  action="drop"  type="wildcard"  pattern="*CNAME" />
-
-</site>

docs/source/2012-news.rst

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Changelog - 2012
 - fix tornado.wsgi.WSGIApplication calling error
 
 - **breaking change**: take the control on graceful reload back.
-  graceful can't be overrided anymore using the on_reload function.
+  graceful can't be overridden anymore using the on_reload function.
 
 0.14.3 / 2012-05-15
 -------------------

docs/source/2013-news.rst

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ Changelog - 2013
 - fix: give the initial global_conf to paster application
 - fix: fix 'Expect: 100-continue' support on Python 3
 
-New versionning:
+New versioning:
 ++++++++++++++++
 
-With this release, the versionning of Gunicorn is changing. Gunicorn is
+With this release, the versioning of Gunicorn is changing. Gunicorn is
 stable since a long time and there is no point to release a "1.0" now.
 It should have been done since a long time. 0.17 really meant it was the
 17th stable version. From the beginning we have only 2 kind of
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ releases:
 
 major release: releases with major changes or huge features added
 services releases: fixes and minor features added So from now we will
-apply the following versionning ``<major>.<service>``. For example ``17.5`` is a
+apply the following versioning ``<major>.<service>``. For example ``17.5`` is a
 service release.
 
 0.17.4 / 2013-04-24

docs/source/2014-news.rst

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ AioHttp worker
 Async worker
 ++++++++++++
 
-- fix :issue:`790`: StopIteration shouldn't be catched at this level.
+- fix :issue:`790`: StopIteration shouldn't be caught at this level.
 
 
 Logging
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ core
 - add: syslog logging can now be done to a unix socket
 - fix logging: don't try to redirect stdout/stderr to the logfile.
 - fix logging: don't propagate log
-- improve logging: file option can be overriden by the gunicorn options
+- improve logging: file option can be overridden by the gunicorn options
   `--error-logfile` and `--access-logfile` if they are given.
 - fix: don't override SERVER_* by the Host header
 - fix: handle_error

docs/source/2018-news.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+================
+Changelog - 2018
+================
+
+.. note::
+
+   Please see :doc:`news` for the latest changes
+
+19.9.0 / 2018/07/03
+===================
+
+- fix: address a regression that prevented syslog support from working
+  (:issue:`1668`, :pr:`1773`)
+- fix: correctly set `REMOTE_ADDR` on versions of Python 3 affected by
+  `Python Issue 30205 <https://bugs.python.org/issue30205>`_
+  (:issue:`1755`, :pr:`1796`)
+- fix: show zero response length correctly in access log (:pr:`1787`)
+- fix: prevent raising :exc:`AttributeError` when ``--reload`` is not passed
+  in case of a :exc:`SyntaxError` raised from the WSGI application.
+  (:issue:`1805`, :pr:`1806`)
+- The internal module ``gunicorn.workers.async`` was renamed to ``gunicorn.workers.base_async``
+  since ``async`` is now a reserved word in Python 3.7.
+  (:pr:`1527`)
+
+19.8.1 / 2018/04/30
+===================
+
+- fix: secure scheme headers when bound to a unix socket
+  (:issue:`1766`, :pr:`1767`)
+
+19.8.0 / 2018/04/28
+===================
+
+- Eventlet 0.21.0 support (:issue:`1584`)
+- Tornado 5 support (:issue:`1728`, :pr:`1752`)
+- support watching additional files with ``--reload-extra-file``
+  (:pr:`1527`)
+- support configuring logging with a dictionary with ``--logging-config-dict``
+  (:issue:`1087`, :pr:`1110`, :pr:`1602`)
+- add support for the ``--config`` flag in the ``GUNICORN_CMD_ARGS`` environment
+  variable (:issue:`1576`, :pr:`1581`)
+- disable ``SO_REUSEPORT`` by default and add the ``--reuse-port`` setting
+  (:issue:`1553`, :issue:`1603`, :pr:`1669`)
+- fix: installing `inotify` on MacOS no longer breaks the reloader
+  (:issue:`1540`, :pr:`1541`)
+- fix: do not throw ``TypeError`` when ``SO_REUSEPORT`` is not available
+  (:issue:`1501`, :pr:`1491`)
+- fix: properly decode HTTP paths containing certain non-ASCII characters
+  (:issue:`1577`, :pr:`1578`)
+- fix: remove whitespace when logging header values under gevent (:pr:`1607`)
+- fix: close unlinked temporary files (:issue:`1327`, :pr:`1428`)
+- fix: parse ``--umask=0`` correctly (:issue:`1622`, :pr:`1632`)
+- fix: allow loading applications using relative file paths
+  (:issue:`1349`, :pr:`1481`)
+- fix: force blocking mode on the gevent sockets (:issue:`880`, :pr:`1616`)
+- fix: preserve leading `/` in request path (:issue:`1512`, :pr:`1511`)
+- fix: forbid contradictory secure scheme headers
+- fix: handle malformed basic authentication headers in access log
+  (:issue:`1683`, :pr:`1684`)
+- fix: defer handling of ``USR1`` signal to a new greenlet under gevent
+  (:issue:`1645`, :pr:`1651`)
+- fix: the threaded worker would sometimes close the wrong keep-alive
+  connection under Python 2 (:issue:`1698`, :pr:`1699`)
+- fix: re-open log files on ``USR1`` signal using ``handler._open`` to
+  support subclasses of ``FileHandler`` (:issue:`1739`, :pr:`1742`)
+- deprecation: the ``gaiohttp`` worker is deprecated, see the
+  :ref:`worker-class` documentation for more information
+  (:issue:`1338`, :pr:`1418`, :pr:`1569`)

docs/source/2019-news.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+================
+Changelog - 2019
+================
+
+.. note::
+
+   Please see :doc:`news` for the latest changes
+
+20.0.4 / 2019/11/26
+===================
+
+- fix binding a socket using the file descriptor
+- remove support for the `bdist_rpm` build
+
+20.0.3 / 2019/11/24
+===================
+
+- fixed load of a config file without a Python extension
+- fixed `socketfromfd.fromfd` when defaults are not set
+
+.. note:: we now warn when we load a config file without Python Extension
+
+20.0.2 / 2019/11/23
+===================
+
+- fix changelog
+
+20.0.1 / 2019/11/23
+===================
+
+- fixed the way the config module is loaded. `__file__` is now available
+- fixed `wsgi.input_terminated`. It is always true.
+- use the highest protocol version of openssl by default
+- only support Python >= 3.5
+- added `__repr__` method to `Config` instance
+- fixed support of AIX platform and musl libc in  `socketfromfd.fromfd` function
+- fixed support of applications loaded from a factory function
+- fixed chunked encoding support to prevent any `request smuggling <https://portswigger.net/research/http-desync-attacks-request-smuggling-reborn>`_
+- Capture os.sendfile before patching in gevent and eventlet workers.
+  fix `RecursionError`.
+- removed locking in reloader when adding new files
+- load the WSGI application before the loader to pick up all files
+
+.. note:: this release add official support for applications loaded from a factory function
+   as documented in Flask and other places.
+
+
+19.10.0 / 2019/11/23
+====================
+
+- unblock select loop during reload of a sync worker
+- security fix: http desync attack
+- handle `wsgi.input_terminated`
+- added support for str and bytes in unix  socket addresses
+- fixed `max_requests` setting
+- headers values are now encoded as LATN1, not ASCII
+- fixed `InotifyReloadeder`:  handle `module.__file__` is None
+- fixed compatibility with tornado 6
+- fixed root logging
+- Prevent removalof unix sockets from `reuse_port`
+- Clear tornado ioloop before os.fork
+- Miscellaneous fixes and improvement for linting using Pylint
+
+20.0 / 2019/10/30
+=================
+
+- Fixed `fdopen` `RuntimeWarning` in Python 3.8
+- Added  check and exception for str type on value in Response process_headers method.
+- Ensure WSGI header value is string before conducting regex search on it.
+- Added pypy3 to list of tested environments
+- Grouped `StopIteration` and `KeyboardInterrupt` exceptions with same body together in Arbiter.run()
+- Added `setproctitle` module to `extras_require` in setup.py
+- Avoid unnecessary chown of temporary files
+- Logging: Handle auth type case insensitively
+- Removed `util.import_module`
+- Removed fallback for `types.SimpleNamespace` in tests utils
+- Use `SourceFileLoader` instead instead of `execfile_`
+- Use `importlib` instead of `__import__` and eval`
+- Fixed eventlet patching
+- Added optional `datadog <https://www.datadoghq.com>`_ tags for statsd metrics
+- Header values now are encoded using latin-1, not ascii.
+- Rewritten `parse_address` util added test
+- Removed redundant super() arguments
+- Simplify `futures` import in gthread module
+- Fixed worker_connections` setting to also affects the Gthread worker type
+- Fixed setting max_requests
+- Bump minimum Eventlet and Gevent versions to 0.24 and 1.4
+- Use Python default SSL cipher list by default
+- handle `wsgi.input_terminated` extension
+- Simplify Paste Deployment documentation
+- Fix root logging: root and logger are same level.
+- Fixed typo in ssl_version documentation
+- Documented  systemd deployment unit examples
+- Added systemd sd_notify support
+- Fixed typo in gthread.py
+- Added `tornado <https://www.tornadoweb.org/>`_ 5 and  6 support
+- Declare our setuptools dependency
+- Added support to `--bind` to open file descriptors
+- Document how to serve WSGI app modules from Gunicorn
+- Provide guidance on X-Forwarded-For access log in documentation
+- Add support for named constants in the `--ssl-version` flag
+- Clarify log format usage of header & environment in documentation
+- Fixed systemd documentation to properly setup gunicorn unix socket
+- Prevent removal unix socket for reuse_port
+- Fix `ResourceWarning` when reading a Python config module
+- Remove unnecessary call to dict keys method
+- Support str and bytes for UNIX socket addresses
+- fixed `InotifyReloadeder`:  handle `module.__file__` is None
+- `/dev/shm` as a convenient alternative to making your own tmpfs mount in fchmod FAQ
+- fix examples to work on python3
+- Fix typo in `--max-requests` documentation
+- Clear tornado ioloop before os.fork
+- Miscellaneous fixes and improvement for linting using Pylint
+
+Breaking Change
++++++++++++++++
+
+- Removed gaiohttp worker
+- Drop support for Python 2.x
+- Drop support for EOL Python 3.2 and 3.3
+- Drop support for Paste Deploy server blocks

docs/source/2020-news.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+================
+Changelog - 2020
+================
+
+.. note::
+
+   Please see :doc:`news` for the latest changes

docs/source/2021-news.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+================
+Changelog - 2021
+================
+
+.. note::
+
+   Please see :doc:`news` for the latest changes
+
+20.1.0 - 2021-02-12
+===================
+
+- document WEB_CONCURRENCY is set by, at least, Heroku
+- capture peername from accept: Avoid calls to getpeername by capturing the peer name returned by
+  accept
+- log a warning when a worker was terminated due to a signal
+- fix tornado usage with latest versions of Django 
+- add support for python -m gunicorn
+- fix systemd socket activation example
+- allows to set wsgi application in configg file using `wsgi_app`
+- document `--timeout = 0`
+- always close a connection when the number of requests exceeds the max requests
+- Disable keepalive during graceful shutdown
+- kill tasks in the gthread workers during upgrade
+- fix latency in gevent worker when accepting new requests
+- fix file watcher: handle errors when new worker reboot and ensure the list of files is kept
+- document the default name and path of the configuration file
+- document how variable impact configuration
+- document the `$PORT` environment variable
+- added milliseconds option to request_time in access_log
+- added PIP requirements to be used for example
+- remove version from the Server header
+- fix sendfile: use `socket.sendfile` instead of `os.sendfile`
+- reloader: use  absolute path to prevent empty to prevent0 `InotifyError` when a file 
+  is added to the working directory
+- Add --print-config option to print the resolved settings at startup.
+- remove the `--log-dict-config` CLI flag because it never had a working format
+  (the `logconfig_dict` setting in configuration files continues to work)
+
+
+** Breaking changes **
+
+- minimum version is Python 3.5
+- remove version from the Server header 
+
+** Documentation **
+
+
+
+** Others **
+
+- miscellaneous changes in the code base to be a better citizen with Python 3
+- remove dead code
+- fix documentation generation
+

docs/source/community.rst

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ for 3 different purposes:
   * `Mailing list <https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/projects/3>`_ : Discussion of Gunicorn development, new features
     and project management.  
 
-Project maintenance guidelines are avaible on the `wiki <https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/wiki/Project-management>`_
+Project maintenance guidelines are available on the `wiki <https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/wiki/Project-management>`_
 .
 
 IRC

docs/source/configure.rst

@@ -4,28 +4,46 @@
 Configuration Overview
 ======================
 
-Gunicorn pulls configuration information from three distinct places.
+Gunicorn reads configuration information from five places.
 
-The first place that Gunicorn will read configuration from is the framework
+Gunicorn first reads environment variables for some configuration
-specific configuration file. Currently this only affects Paster applications.
+:ref:`settings <settings>`.
 
-The second source of configuration information is a configuration file that is
+Gunicorn then reads configuration from a framework specific configuration
-optionally specified on the command line. Anything specified in the Gunicorn
+file. Currently this only affects Paster applications.
-config file will override any framework specific settings.
+
+The third source of configuration information is an optional configuration file
+``gunicorn.conf.py`` searched in the current working directory or specified
+using a command line argument. Anything specified in this configuration file
+will override any framework specific settings.
+
+The fourth place of configuration information are command line arguments
+stored in an environment variable named ``GUNICORN_CMD_ARGS``.
 
 Lastly, the command line arguments used to invoke Gunicorn are the final place
 considered for configuration settings. If an option is specified on the command
 line, this is the value that will be used.
 
+When a configuration file is specified in the command line arguments and in the
+``GUNICORN_CMD_ARGS`` environment variable, only the configuration
+file specified on the command line is used.
+
 Once again, in order of least to most authoritative:
-    1. Framework Settings
+    1. Environment Variables
-    2. Configuration File
+    2. Framework Settings
-    3. Command Line
+    3. Configuration File
+    4. ``GUNICORN_CMD_ARGS``
+    5. Command Line
 
 
 .. note::
 
-    To check your configuration when using the command line or the
+    To print your resolved configuration when using the command line or the
+    configuration file you can run the following command::
+
+        $ gunicorn --print-config APP_MODULE
+
+    To check your resolved configuration when using the command line or the
     configuration file you can run the following command::
 
         $ gunicorn --check-config APP_MODULE
@@ -47,14 +65,16 @@ usual::
 There is also a ``--version`` flag available to the command line scripts that
 isn't mentioned in the list of :ref:`settings <settings>`.
 
+.. _configuration_file:
 
 Configuration File
 ==================
 
-The configuration file should be a valid Python source file. It only needs to
+The configuration file should be a valid Python source file with a **python
-be readable from the file system. More specifically, it does not need to be
+extension** (e.g. `gunicorn.conf.py`). It only needs to be readable from the
-importable. Any Python is valid. Just consider that this will be run every time
+file system. More specifically, it does not have to be on the module path
-you start Gunicorn (including when you signal Gunicorn to reload).
+(sys.path, PYTHONPATH). Any Python is valid. Just consider that this will be
+run every time you start Gunicorn (including when you signal Gunicorn to reload).
 
 To set a parameter, just assign to it. There's no special syntax. The values
 you provide will be used for the configuration values.

docs/source/custom.rst

@@ -13,4 +13,41 @@ Here is a small example where we create a very small WSGI app and load it with
 a custom Application:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/standalone_app.py
-    :lines: 11-60
+    :start-after: # See the NOTICE for more information
+    :lines: 2-
+
+Direct Usage of Existing WSGI Apps
+----------------------------------
+
+If necessary, you can run Gunicorn straight from Python, allowing you to
+specify a WSGI-compatible application at runtime. This can be handy for
+rolling deploys or in the case of using PEX files to deploy your application,
+as the app and Gunicorn can be bundled in the same PEX file. Gunicorn has
+this functionality built-in as a first class citizen known as
+:class:`gunicorn.app.wsgiapp`. This can be used to run WSGI-compatible app
+instances such as those produced by Flask or Django. Assuming your WSGI API
+package is *exampleapi*, and your application instance is *app*, this is all
+you need to get going::
+
+    gunicorn.app.wsgiapp exampleapi:app
+
+This command will work with any Gunicorn CLI parameters or a config file - just
+pass them along as if you're directly giving them to Gunicorn:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   # Custom parameters
+   $ python gunicorn.app.wsgiapp exampleapi:app --bind=0.0.0.0:8081 --workers=4
+   # Using a config file
+   $ python gunicorn.app.wsgiapp exampleapi:app -c config.py
+    
+Note for those using PEX: use ``-c gunicorn`` as your entry at build
+time, and your compiled app should work with the entry point passed to it at
+run time. 
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   # Generic pex build command via bash from root of exampleapi project
+   $ pex . -v -c gunicorn -o compiledapp.pex
+   # Running it
+   ./compiledapp.pex exampleapi:app -c gunicorn_config.py

docs/source/deploy.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Deploying Gunicorn
 ==================
 
-We strongly recommend to use Gunicorn behind a proxy server.
+We strongly recommend using Gunicorn behind a proxy server.
 
 Nginx Configuration
 ===================
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ Gunicorn 19 introduced a breaking change concerning how ``REMOTE_ADDR`` is
 handled. Previous to Gunicorn 19 this was set to the value of
 ``X-Forwarded-For`` if received from a trusted proxy. However, this was not in
 compliance with :rfc:`3875` which is why the ``REMOTE_ADDR`` is now the IP
-address of **the proxy** and **not the actual user**. You should instead
+address of **the proxy** and **not the actual user**.
-configure Nginx to send the user's IP address through the ``X-Forwarded-For``
-header like this::
 
-    ...
+To have access logs indicate **the actual user** IP when proxied, set
-    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+:ref:`access-log-format` with a format which includes ``X-Forwarded-For``. For
-    ...
+example, this format uses ``X-Forwarded-For`` in place of ``REMOTE_ADDR``::
+
+    %({x-forwarded-for}i)s %(l)s %(u)s %(t)s "%(r)s" %(s)s %(b)s "%(f)s" "%(a)s"
 
 It is also worth noting that the ``REMOTE_ADDR`` will be completely empty if
 you bind Gunicorn to a UNIX socket and not a TCP ``host:port`` tuple.
@@ -212,12 +212,15 @@ Using Gunicorn with upstart is simple. In this example we will run the app
 Systemd
 -------
 
-A tool that is starting to be common on linux systems is Systemd_. Below are
+A tool that is starting to be common on linux systems is Systemd_. It is a
-configurations files and instructions for using systemd to create a unix socket
+system services manager that allows for strict process management, resources
-for incoming Gunicorn requests.  Systemd will listen on this socket and start
+and permissions control.
-gunicorn automatically in response to traffic.  Later in this section are 
+
-instructions for configuring Nginx to forward web traffic to the newly created
+Below are configuration files and instructions for using systemd to create
-unix socket:
+a unix socket for incoming Gunicorn requests.  Systemd will listen on this
+socket and start gunicorn automatically in response to traffic.  Later in
+this section are instructions for configuring Nginx to forward web traffic
+to the newly created unix socket:
 
 **/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service**::
 
@@ -227,15 +230,19 @@ unix socket:
     After=network.target
 
     [Service]
-    PIDFile=/run/gunicorn/pid
+    Type=notify
+    # the specific user that our service will run as
     User=someuser
     Group=someuser
+    # another option for an even more restricted service is
+    # DynamicUser=yes
+    # see http://0pointer.net/blog/dynamic-users-with-systemd.html
     RuntimeDirectory=gunicorn
     WorkingDirectory=/home/someuser/applicationroot
-    ExecStart=/usr/bin/gunicorn --pid /run/gunicorn/pid   \
+    ExecStart=/usr/bin/gunicorn applicationname.wsgi
-              --bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock applicationname.wsgi
     ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
-    ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID
+    KillMode=mixed
+    TimeoutStopSec=5
     PrivateTmp=true
 
     [Install]
@@ -248,33 +255,47 @@ unix socket:
 
     [Socket]
     ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock
-    User=someuser
+    # Our service won't need permissions for the socket, since it
-    Group=someuser
+    # inherits the file descriptor by socket activation
-    
+    # only the nginx daemon will need access to the socket
+    SocketUser=www-data
+    # Optionally restrict the socket permissions even more.
+    # SocketMode=600
+
     [Install]
     WantedBy=sockets.target
 
-**/etc/tmpfiles.d/gunicorn.conf**::
 
-    d /run/gunicorn 0755 someuser somegroup -
+Next enable and start the socket (it will autostart at boot too)::
 
-Next enable the socket so it autostarts at boot::
+    systemctl enable --now gunicorn.socket
-
-    systemctl enable gunicorn.socket
-
-Either reboot, or start the services manually::
-
-    systemctl start gunicorn.socket
 
 
-After running ``curl --unix-socket /run/gunicorn.sock http``, Gunicorn
+Now let's see if the nginx daemon will be able to connect to the socket.
-should start and you should see some HTML from your server in the terminal.
+Running ``sudo -u www-data curl --unix-socket /run/gunicorn.sock http``,
+our Gunicorn service will be automatically started and you should see some
+HTML from your server in the terminal.
+
+.. note::
+
+    systemd employs cgroups to track the processes of a service, so it doesn't
+    need pid files. In the rare case that you need to find out the service main
+    pid, you can use ``systemctl show --value -p MainPID gunicorn.service``, but
+    if you only want to send a signal an even better option is
+    ``systemctl kill -s HUP gunicorn.service``.
+
+.. note::
+
+    ``www-data`` is the default nginx user in debian, other distributions use
+    different users (for example: ``http`` or ``nginx``). Check your distro to
+    know what to put for the socket user, and for the sudo command.
 
 You must now configure your web proxy to send traffic to the new Gunicorn
 socket. Edit your ``nginx.conf`` to include the following:
 
 **/etc/nginx/nginx.conf**::
 
+    user www-data;
     ...
     http {
         server {
@@ -292,15 +313,15 @@ socket. Edit your ``nginx.conf`` to include the following:
     The listen and server_name used here are configured for a local machine.
     In a production server you will most likely listen on port 80,
     and use your URL as the server_name.
-    
+
 Now make sure you enable the nginx service so it automatically starts at boot::
 
     systemctl enable nginx.service
-    
+
 Either reboot, or start Nginx with the following command::
 
     systemctl start nginx
-    
+
 Now you should be able to test Nginx with Gunicorn by visiting
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/ in any web browser. Systemd is now set up.
 

docs/source/design.rst

@@ -46,6 +46,22 @@ Gevent_). Greenlets are an implementation of cooperative multi-threading for
 Python. In general, an application should be able to make use of these worker
 classes with no changes.
 
+For full greenlet support applications might need to be adapted.
+When using, e.g., Gevent_ and Psycopg_ it makes sense to ensure psycogreen_ is
+installed and `setup <http://www.gevent.org/api/gevent.monkey.html#plugins>`_.
+
+Other applications might not be compatible at all as they, e.g., rely on
+the original unpatched behavior.
+
+Gthread Workers
+---------------
+
+The worker `gthread` is a threaded worker. It accepts connections in the
+main loop. Accepted connections are added to the thread pool as a
+connection job. On keepalive connections are put back in the loop
+waiting for an event. If no event happens after the keepalive timeout,
+the connection is closed.
+
 Tornado Workers
 ---------------
 
@@ -59,32 +75,10 @@ WSGI application, this is not a recommended configuration.
 AsyncIO Workers
 ---------------
 
-These workers are compatible with python3. You have two kind of workers.
+These workers are compatible with Python 3.
 
-The worker `gthread` is a threaded worker. It accepts connections in the
+You can port also your application to use aiohttp_'s ``web.Application`` API and use the
-main loop, accepted connections are added to the thread pool as a
+``aiohttp.worker.GunicornWebWorker`` worker.
-connection job. On keepalive connections are put back in the loop
-waiting for an event. If no event happen after the keep alive timeout,
-the connection is closed.
-
-The worker `gaiohttp` is a full asyncio worker using aiohttp_.
-
-.. note::
-   The ``gaiohttp`` worker requires the aiohttp_ module to be installed.
-   aiohttp_ has removed its native WSGI application support in version 2.
-   If you want to continue to use the ``gaiohttp`` worker with your WSGI
-   application (e.g. an application that uses Flask or Django), there are
-   three options available:
-
-   #. Install aiohttp_ version 1.3.5 instead of version 2::
-
-        $ pip install aiohttp==1.3.5
-
-   #. Use aiohttp_wsgi_ to wrap your WSGI application. You can take a look
-      at the `example`_ in the Gunicorn repository.
-   #. Port your application to use aiohttp_'s ``web.Application`` API.
-   #. Use the ``aiohttp.worker.GunicornWebWorker`` worker instead of the
-      deprecated ``gaiohttp`` worker.
 
 Choosing a Worker Type
 ======================
@@ -150,13 +144,14 @@ the worker processes (unlike when using the preload setting, which loads the
 code in the master process).
 
 .. note::
-   Under Python 2.x, you need to install the 'futures' package to use this 
+   Under Python 2.x, you need to install the 'futures' package to use this
    feature.
 
 .. _Greenlets: https://github.com/python-greenlet/greenlet
 .. _Eventlet: http://eventlet.net/
 .. _Gevent: http://www.gevent.org/
 .. _Hey: https://github.com/rakyll/hey
-.. _aiohttp: https://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
+.. _aiohttp: https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/deployment.html#nginx-gunicorn
-.. _aiohttp_wsgi: https://aiohttp-wsgi.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html
 .. _`example`: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/blob/master/examples/frameworks/flaskapp_aiohttp_wsgi.py
+.. _Psycopg: http://initd.org/psycopg/
+.. _psycogreen: https://github.com/psycopg/psycogreen/

docs/source/faq.rst

@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ threads. However `a work has been started
 Why I don't see any logs in the console?
 ----------------------------------------
 
-In version R19, Gunicorn doesn't log by default in the console.
+In version 19.0, Gunicorn doesn't log by default in the console.
 To watch the logs in the console you need to use the option ``--log-file=-``.
-In version R20, Gunicorn logs to the console by default again.
+In version 19.2, Gunicorn logs to the console by default again.
 
 Kernel Parameters
 =================
@@ -129,9 +129,13 @@ One of the first settings that usually needs to be bumped is the maximum number
 of open file descriptors for a given process. For the confused out there,
 remember that Unices treat sockets as files.
 
-::
+.. warning:: ``sudo ulimit`` may not work
 
-    $ sudo ulimit -n 2048
+Considering non-privileged users are not able to relax the limit, you should
+firstly switch to root user, increase the limit, then run gunicorn. Using ``sudo
+ulimit`` would not take effect.
+
+Try systemd's service unit file, or an initscript which runs as root.
 
 How can I increase the maximum socket backlog?
 ----------------------------------------------
@@ -205,3 +209,30 @@ Check the result::
     tmpfs              65536     0     65536   0% /mem
 
 Now you can set ``--worker-tmp-dir /mem``.
+
+Why are Workers Silently Killed?
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A sometimes subtle problem to debug is when a worker process is killed and there
+is little logging information about what happened.
+
+If you use a reverse proxy like NGINX you might see 502 returned to a client.
+
+In the gunicorn logs you might simply see ``[35] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 35``
+
+It's completely normal for workers to be stop and start, for example due to
+max-requests setting. Ordinarily gunicorn will capture any signals and log something.
+
+This particular failure case is usually due to a SIGKILL being received, as it's
+not possible to catch this signal silence is usually a common side effect! A common
+cause of SIGKILL is when OOM killer terminates a process due to low memory condition.
+
+This is increasingly common in container deployments where memory limits are enforced
+by cgroups, you'll usually see evidence of this from dmesg::
+
+    dmesg | grep gunicorn
+    Memory cgroup out of memory: Kill process 24534 (gunicorn) score 1506 or sacrifice child
+    Killed process 24534 (gunicorn) total-vm:1016648kB, anon-rss:550160kB, file-rss:25824kB, shmem-rss:0kB
+
+In these instances adjusting the memory limit is usually your best bet, it's also possible
+to configure OOM not to send SIGKILL by default.

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Gunicorn - WSGI server
 :Website: http://gunicorn.org
 :Source code: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn
 :Issue tracker: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues
-:IRC: ``#gunicorn`` on Freenode
+:IRC: ``#gunicorn`` on Libera Chat
 :Usage questions: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues
 
 Gunicorn 'Green Unicorn' is a Python WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX. It's a pre-fork
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Features
 * Simple Python configuration
 * Multiple worker configurations
 * Various server hooks for extensibility
-* Compatible with Python 3.x >= 3.4
+* Compatible with Python 3.x >= 3.5
 
 
 Contents

docs/source/install.rst

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Installation
 
 .. highlight:: bash
 
-:Requirements: **Python 3.x >= 3.4**
+:Requirements: **Python 3.x >= 3.5**
 
 To install the latest released version of Gunicorn::
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ want to consider one of the alternate worker types.
     $ pip install gunicorn[gevent]    # Or, using extra
 
 .. note::
-    Both require ``greenlet``, which should get installed automatically,
+    Both require ``greenlet``, which should get installed automatically.
     If its installation fails, you probably need to install
     the Python headers. These headers are available in most package
     managers. On Ubuntu the package name for ``apt-get`` is
@@ -52,10 +52,32 @@ want to consider one of the alternate worker types.
     installed, this is the most likely reason.
 
 
+Extra Packages
+==============
+Some Gunicorn options require additional packages. You can use the ``[extra]``
+syntax to install these at the same time as Gunicorn.
+
+Most extra packages are needed for alternate worker types. See the
+`design docs`_ for more information on when you'll want to consider an
+alternate worker type.
+
+* ``gunicorn[eventlet]`` - Eventlet-based greenlets workers
+* ``gunicorn[gevent]`` - Gevent-based greenlets workers
+* ``gunicorn[gthread]`` - Threaded workers
+* ``gunicorn[tornado]`` - Tornado-based workers, not recommended
+
+If you are running more than one instance of Gunicorn, the :ref:`proc-name`
+setting will help distinguish between them in tools like ``ps`` and ``top``.
+
+* ``gunicorn[setproctitle]`` - Enables setting the process name
+
+Multiple extras can be combined, like
+``pip install gunicorn[gevent,setproctitle]``.
+
 Debian GNU/Linux
 ================
 
-If you are using Debian GNU/Linux and it is recommended that you use
+If you are using Debian GNU/Linux it is recommended that you use
 system packages to install Gunicorn except maybe when you want to use
 different versions of Gunicorn with virtualenv. This has a number of
 advantages:
@@ -74,16 +96,43 @@ advantages:
   rolled back in case of incompatibility. The package can also be purged
   entirely from the system in seconds.
 
-stable ("stretch")
+stable ("buster")
 ------------------
 
-The version of Gunicorn in the Debian_ "stable" distribution is 19.6.0 (June
+The version of Gunicorn in the Debian_ "stable" distribution is 19.9.0
-2017). You can install it using::
+(December 2020). You can install it using::
 
-    $ sudo apt-get install gunicorn
+    $ sudo apt-get install gunicorn3
 
-You can also use the most recent version by using `Debian Backports`_.
+You can also use the most recent version 20.0.4 (December 2020) by using
-First, copy the following line to your ``/etc/apt/sources.list``::
+`Debian Backports`_. First, copy the following line to your
+``/etc/apt/sources.list``::
+
+    deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports main
+
+Then, update your local package lists::
+
+    $ sudo apt-get update
+
+You can then install the latest version using::
+
+    $ sudo apt-get -t buster-backports install gunicorn
+
+oldstable ("stretch")
+---------------------
+
+While Debian releases newer than Stretch will give you gunicorn with Python 3
+support no matter if you install the gunicorn or gunicorn3 package for Stretch
+you specifically have to install gunicorn3 to get Python 3 support.
+
+The version of Gunicorn in the Debian_ "oldstable" distribution is 19.6.0
+(December 2020). You can install it using::
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install gunicorn3
+
+You can also use the most recent version 19.7.1 (December 2020) by using
+`Debian Backports`_. First, copy the following line to your
+``/etc/apt/sources.list``::
 
     deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main
 
@@ -93,34 +142,13 @@ Then, update your local package lists::
 
 You can then install the latest version using::
 
-    $ sudo apt-get -t stretch-backports install gunicorn
+    $ sudo apt-get -t stretch-backports install gunicorn3
 
-oldstable ("jessie")
+Testing ("bullseye") / Unstable ("sid")
---------------------
+---------------------------------------
 
-The version of Gunicorn in the Debian_ "oldstable" distribution is 19.0 (June
+"bullseye" and "sid" contain the latest released version of Gunicorn 20.0.4
-2014). you can install it using::
+(December 2020). You can install it in the usual way::
-
-    $ sudo apt-get install gunicorn
-
-You can also use the most recent version by using `Debian Backports`_.
-First, copy the following line to your ``/etc/apt/sources.list``::
-
-    deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main
-
-Then, update your local package lists::
-
-    $ sudo apt-get update
-
-You can then install the latest version using::
-
-    $ sudo apt-get -t jessie-backports install gunicorn
-
-Testing ("buster") / Unstable ("sid")
--------------------------------------
-
-"buster" and "sid" contain the latest released version of Gunicorn. You can
-install it in the usual way::
 
     $ sudo apt-get install gunicorn
 
@@ -128,8 +156,8 @@ install it in the usual way::
 Ubuntu
 ======
 
-Ubuntu_ 12.04 (trusty) or later contains Gunicorn package by default so that
+Ubuntu_ 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) or later contains the Gunicorn package by
-you can install it in the usual way::
+default 20.0.4 (December 2020) so that you can install it in the usual way::
 
     $ sudo apt-get update
     $ sudo apt-get install gunicorn

docs/source/news.rst

@@ -2,66 +2,45 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
-19.9.0 / 2018/07/03
+20.1.0 - 2021-02-12
 ===================
 
-- fix: address a regression that prevented syslog support from working
+- document WEB_CONCURRENCY is set by, at least, Heroku
-  (:issue:`1668`, :pr:`1773`)
+- capture peername from accept: Avoid calls to getpeername by capturing the peer name returned by accept
-- fix: correctly set `REMOTE_ADDR` on versions of Python 3 affected by
+- log a warning when a worker was terminated due to a signal
-  `Python Issue 30205 <https://bugs.python.org/issue30205>`_
+- fix tornado usage with latest versions of Django 
-  (:issue:`1755`, :pr:`1796`)
+- add support for python -m gunicorn
-- fix: show zero response length correctly in access log (:pr:`1787`)
+- fix systemd socket activation example
-- fix: prevent raising :exc:`AttributeError` when ``--reload`` is not passed
+- allows to set wsgi application in configg file using ``wsgi_app``
-  in case of a :exc:`SyntaxError` raised from the WSGI application.
+- document ``--timeout = 0``
-  (:issue:`1805`, :pr:`1806`)
+- always close a connection when the number of requests exceeds the max requests
-- The internal module ``gunicorn.workers.async`` was renamed to ``gunicorn.workers.base_async``
+- Disable keepalive during graceful shutdown
-  since ``async`` is now a reserved word in Python 3.7.
+- kill tasks in the gthread workers during upgrade
-  (:pr:`1527`)
+- fix latency in gevent worker when accepting new requests
+- fix file watcher: handle errors when new worker reboot and ensure the list of files is kept
+- document the default name and path of the configuration file
+- document how variable impact configuration
+- document the ``$PORT`` environment variable
+- added milliseconds option to request_time in access_log
+- added PIP requirements to be used for example
+- remove version from the Server header
+- fix sendfile: use ``socket.sendfile`` instead of ``os.sendfile``
+- reloader: use  absolute path to prevent empty to prevent0 ``InotifyError`` when a file 
+  is added to the working directory
+- Add --print-config option to print the resolved settings at startup.
+- remove the ``--log-dict-config`` CLI flag because it never had a working format
+  (the ``logconfig_dict`` setting in configuration files continues to work)
 
-19.8.1 / 2018/04/30
+** Breaking changes **
-===================
 
-- fix: secure scheme headers when bound to a unix socket
+- minimum version is Python 3.5
-  (:issue:`1766`, :pr:`1767`)
+- remove version from the Server header 
 
-19.8.0 / 2018/04/28
+** Others **
-===================
 
-- Eventlet 0.21.0 support (:issue:`1584`)
+- miscellaneous changes in the code base to be a better citizen with Python 3
-- Tornado 5 support (:issue:`1728`, :pr:`1752`)
+- remove dead code
-- support watching additional files with ``--reload-extra-file``
+- fix documentation generation
-  (:pr:`1527`)
-- support configuring logging with a dictionary with ``--logging-config-dict``
-  (:issue:`1087`, :pr:`1110`, :pr:`1602`)
-- add support for the ``--config`` flag in the ``GUNICORN_CMD_ARGS`` environment
-  variable (:issue:`1576`, :pr:`1581`)
-- disable ``SO_REUSEPORT`` by default and add the ``--reuse-port`` setting
-  (:issue:`1553`, :issue:`1603`, :pr:`1669`)
-- fix: installing `inotify` on MacOS no longer breaks the reloader
-  (:issue:`1540`, :pr:`1541`)
-- fix: do not throw ``TypeError`` when ``SO_REUSEPORT`` is not available
-  (:issue:`1501`, :pr:`1491`)
-- fix: properly decode HTTP paths containing certain non-ASCII characters
-  (:issue:`1577`, :pr:`1578`)
-- fix: remove whitespace when logging header values under gevent (:pr:`1607`)
-- fix: close unlinked temporary files (:issue:`1327`, :pr:`1428`)
-- fix: parse ``--umask=0`` correctly (:issue:`1622`, :pr:`1632`)
-- fix: allow loading applications using relative file paths
-  (:issue:`1349`, :pr:`1481`)
-- fix: force blocking mode on the gevent sockets (:issue:`880`, :pr:`1616`)
-- fix: preserve leading `/` in request path (:issue:`1512`, :pr:`1511`)
-- fix: forbid contradictory secure scheme headers
-- fix: handle malformed basic authentication headers in access log
-  (:issue:`1683`, :pr:`1684`)
-- fix: defer handling of ``USR1`` signal to a new greenlet under gevent
-  (:issue:`1645`, :pr:`1651`)
-- fix: the threaded worker would sometimes close the wrong keep-alive
-  connection under Python 2 (:issue:`1698`, :pr:`1699`)
-- fix: re-open log files on ``USR1`` signal using ``handler._open`` to
-  support subclasses of ``FileHandler`` (:issue:`1739`, :pr:`1742`)
-- deprecation: the ``gaiohttp`` worker is deprecated, see the
-  :ref:`worker-class` documentation for more information
-  (:issue:`1338`, :pr:`1418`, :pr:`1569`)
 
 
 History
@@ -70,6 +49,10 @@ History
 .. toctree::
    :titlesonly:
 
+   2021-news
+   2020-news
+   2019-news
+   2018-news
    2017-news
    2016-news
    2015-news
@@ -78,3 +61,4 @@ History
    2012-news
    2011-news
    2010-news
+

docs/source/run.rst

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ Running Gunicorn
 
 .. highlight:: bash
 
-You can run Gunicorn by using commands or integrate with Django or Paster. For
+You can run Gunicorn by using commands or integrate with popular frameworks
-deploying Gunicorn in production see :doc:`deploy`.
+like Django, Pyramid, or TurboGears. For deploying Gunicorn in production see
+:doc:`deploy`.
 
 Commands
 ========
@@ -20,12 +21,15 @@ gunicorn
 
 Basic usage::
 
-    $ gunicorn [OPTIONS] APP_MODULE
+    $ gunicorn [OPTIONS] [WSGI_APP]
 
-Where ``APP_MODULE`` is of the pattern ``$(MODULE_NAME):$(VARIABLE_NAME)``. The
+Where ``WSGI_APP`` is of the pattern ``$(MODULE_NAME):$(VARIABLE_NAME)``. The
 module name can be a full dotted path. The variable name refers to a WSGI
 callable that should be found in the specified module.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 20.1.0
+    ``WSGI_APP`` is optional if it is defined in a :ref:`config` file.
+
 Example with the test app:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -41,10 +45,31 @@ Example with the test app:
         start_response(status, response_headers)
         return iter([data])
 
-You can now run the app with the following command::
+You can now run the app with the following command:
+
+.. code-block:: text
 
     $ gunicorn --workers=2 test:app
 
+The variable name can also be a function call. In that case the name
+will be imported from the module, then called to get the application
+object. This is commonly referred to as the "application factory"
+pattern.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    def create_app():
+        app = FrameworkApp()
+        ...
+        return app
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+    $ gunicorn --workers=2 'test:create_app()'
+
+Positional and keyword arguments can also be passed, but it is
+recommended to load configuration from environment variables rather than
+the command line.
 
 Commonly Used Arguments
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -52,8 +77,8 @@ Commonly Used Arguments
 * ``-c CONFIG, --config=CONFIG`` - Specify a config file in the form
   ``$(PATH)``, ``file:$(PATH)``, or ``python:$(MODULE_NAME)``.
 * ``-b BIND, --bind=BIND`` - Specify a server socket to bind. Server sockets
-  can be any of ``$(HOST)``, ``$(HOST):$(PORT)``, or ``unix:$(PATH)``.
+  can be any of ``$(HOST)``, ``$(HOST):$(PORT)``, ``fd://$(FD)``, or
-  An IP is a valid ``$(HOST)``.
+  ``unix:$(PATH)``. An IP is a valid ``$(HOST)``.
 * ``-w WORKERS, --workers=WORKERS`` - The number of worker processes. This
   number should generally be between 2-4 workers per core in the server.
   Check the :ref:`faq` for ideas on tuning this parameter.
@@ -61,7 +86,7 @@ Commonly Used Arguments
   to run. You'll definitely want to read the production page for the
   implications of this parameter. You can set this to ``$(NAME)``
   where ``$(NAME)`` is one of ``sync``, ``eventlet``, ``gevent``,
-  ``tornado``, ``gthread``, ``gaiohttp`` (deprecated).
+  ``tornado``, ``gthread``.
   ``sync`` is the default. See the :ref:`worker-class` documentation for more
   information.
 * ``-n APP_NAME, --name=APP_NAME`` - If setproctitle_ is installed you can
@@ -78,7 +103,7 @@ See :ref:`configuration` and :ref:`settings` for detailed usage.
 Integration
 ===========
 
-We also provide integration for both Django and Paster applications.
+Gunicorn also provides integration for Django and Paste Deploy applications.
 
 Django
 ------
@@ -104,13 +129,40 @@ option::
 
     $ gunicorn --env DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=myproject.settings myproject.wsgi
 
-Paste
+Paste Deployment
------
+----------------
 
-If you are a user/developer of a paste-compatible framework/app (as
+Frameworks such as Pyramid and Turbogears are typically configured using Paste
-Pyramid, Pylons and Turbogears) you can use the
+Deployment configuration files. If you would like to use these files with
-`--paste <http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html#paste>`_ option
+Gunicorn, there are two approaches.
-to run your application.
+
+As a server runner, Gunicorn can serve your application using the commands from
+your framework, such as ``pserve`` or ``gearbox``. To use Gunicorn with these
+commands, specify it as a server in your configuration file:
+
+.. code-block:: ini
+
+    [server:main]
+    use = egg:gunicorn#main
+    host = 127.0.0.1
+    port = 8080
+    workers = 3
+
+This approach is the quickest way to get started with Gunicorn, but there are
+some limitations. Gunicorn will have no control over how the application is
+loaded, so settings such as reload_ will have no effect and Gunicorn will be
+unable to hot upgrade a running application. Using the daemon_ option may
+confuse your command line tool. Instead, use the built-in support for these
+features provided by that tool. For example, run ``pserve --reload`` instead of
+specifying ``reload = True`` in the server configuration block. For advanced
+configuration of Gunicorn, such as `Server Hooks`_ specifying a Gunicorn
+configuration file using the ``config`` key is supported.
+
+To use the full power of Gunicorn's reloading and hot code upgrades, use the
+`paste option`_ to run your application instead. When used this way, Gunicorn
+will use the application defined by the PasteDeploy configuration file, but
+Gunicorn will not use any server configuration defined in the file. Instead,
+`configure gunicorn`_.
 
 For example::
 
@@ -120,4 +172,13 @@ Or use a different application::
 
     $ gunicorn --paste development.ini#admin -b :8080 --chdir /path/to/project
 
-It is all here. No configuration files nor additional Python modules to write!
+With both approaches, Gunicorn will use any loggers section found in Paste
+Deployment configuration file, unless instructed otherwise by specifying
+additional `logging settings`_.
+
+.. _reload: http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html#reload
+.. _daemon: http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html#daemon
+.. _Server Hooks: http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html#server-hooks
+.. _paste option: http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html#paste
+.. _configure gunicorn: http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/configure.html
+.. _logging settings: http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html#logging

examples/deep/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -
+#
+# This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
+# See the NOTICE for more information.
+#
+# Example code from Eventlet sources
+
+from wsgiref.validate import validator
+
+from gunicorn import __version__
+
+
+@validator
+def app(environ, start_response):
+    """Simplest possible application object"""
+
+    data = b'Hello, World!\n'
+    status = '200 OK'
+
+    response_headers = [
+        ('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
+        ('Content-Length', str(len(data))),
+        ('X-Gunicorn-Version', __version__),
+        ('Foo', 'B\u00e5r'),  # Foo: Bår
+    ]
+    start_response(status, response_headers)
+    return iter([data])

examples/echo.py

@@ -5,12 +5,9 @@
 #
 # Example code from Eventlet sources
 
-from wsgiref.validate import validator
-
 from gunicorn import __version__
 
 
-@validator
 def app(environ, start_response):
     """Simplest possible application object"""
 
@@ -24,8 +21,7 @@ def app(environ, start_response):
     response_headers = [
         ('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
         ('Content-Length', str(len(data))),
-        ('X-Gunicorn-Version', __version__),
+        ('X-Gunicorn-Version', __version__)
-        ("Test", "test тест"),
     ]
     start_response(status, response_headers)
     return iter([data])

examples/frameworks/django/testing/testing/apps/someapp/middleware.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def child_process(queue):
 
 class GunicornSubProcessTestMiddleware(object):
     def __init__(self):
-        super(GunicornSubProcessTestMiddleware, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
         self.queue = Queue()
         self.process = Process(target=child_process, args=(self.queue,))
         self.process.start()

examples/frameworks/django/testing/testing/apps/someapp/tests.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class SimpleTest(TestCase):
         """
         Tests that 1 + 1 always equals 2.
         """
-        self.failUnlessEqual(1 + 1, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)
 
 __test__ = {"doctest": """
 Another way to test that 1 + 1 is equal to 2.

examples/frameworks/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-r requirements_flaskapp.txt
+-r requirements_cherryapp.txt
+-r requirements_pyramidapp.txt
+-r requirements_tornadoapp.txt
+-r requirements_webpyapp.txt

examples/frameworks/requirements_cherryapp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cherrypy

examples/frameworks/requirements_flaskapp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+flask

examples/frameworks/requirements_pyramidapp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pyramid

examples/frameworks/requirements_tornadoapp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+tornado<6

examples/frameworks/requirements_webpyapp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+web-py

examples/log_app.py

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ def app(environ, start_response):
     log.info("Hello Info!")
     log.warn("Hello Warn!")
     log.error("Hello Error!")
-    return ["Hello World!\n"]
+    return [b"Hello World!\n"]

examples/readline_app.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #
 # Launch a server with the app in a terminal
 #
-#     $ gunicorn -w3 readline:app
+#     $ gunicorn -w3 readline_app:app
 #
 # Then in another terminal launch the following command:
 #
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ def app(environ, start_response):
     response_headers = [
         ('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
         ('Transfer-Encoding', "chunked"),
-        ('X-Gunicorn-Version', __version__),
+        ('X-Gunicorn-Version', __version__)
-        #("Test", "test тест"),
     ]
     start_response(status, response_headers)
 
@@ -42,4 +41,4 @@ def app(environ, start_response):
         print(line)
         lines.append(line)
 
-    return iter(lines)
+    return iter(lines)

examples/standalone_app.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class StandaloneApplication(gunicorn.app.base.BaseApplication):
     def __init__(self, app, options=None):
         self.options = options or {}
         self.application = app
-        super(StandaloneApplication, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
 
     def load_config(self):
         config = {key: value for key, value in self.options.items()

examples/test.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def app(environ, start_response):
         ('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
         ('Content-Length', str(len(data))),
         ('X-Gunicorn-Version', __version__),
-        #("Test", "test тест"),
+        ('Foo', 'B\u00e5r'),  # Foo: Bår
     ]
     start_response(status, response_headers)
     return iter([data])

examples/websocket/gevent_websocket.py

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class WebSocket(object):
                 data = struct.unpack('<I', buf[f['hlen']:f['hlen']+4])[0]
                 of1 = f['hlen']+4
                 b = ''
-                for i in xrange(0, int(f['length']/4)):
+                for i in range(0, int(f['length']/4)):
                     mask = struct.unpack('<I', buf[of1+4*i:of1+4*(i+1)])[0]
                     b += struct.pack('I', data ^ mask)
 
@@ -292,10 +292,8 @@ class WebSocket(object):
 
         As per the dataframing section (5.3) for the websocket spec
         """
-        if isinstance(message, unicode):
+        if isinstance(message, str):
             message = message.encode('utf-8')
-        elif not isinstance(message, str):
-            message = str(message)
         packed = "\x00%s\xFF" % message
         return packed
 
@@ -353,7 +351,7 @@ class WebSocket(object):
     def send(self, message):
         """Send a message to the browser.
 
-        *message* should be convertable to a string; unicode objects should be
+        *message* should be convertible to a string; unicode objects should be
         encodable as utf-8.  Raises socket.error with errno of 32
         (broken pipe) if the socket has already been closed by the client."""
         if self.version in ['7', '8', '13']:

examples/websocket/websocket.py

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class WebSocket(object):
                 data = struct.unpack('<I', buf[f['hlen']:f['hlen']+4])[0]
                 of1 = f['hlen']+4
                 b = ''
-                for i in xrange(0, int(f['length']/4)):
+                for i in range(0, int(f['length']/4)):
                     mask = struct.unpack('<I', buf[of1+4*i:of1+4*(i+1)])[0]
                     b += struct.pack('I', data ^ mask)
 
@@ -293,10 +293,8 @@ class WebSocket(object):
 
         As per the dataframing section (5.3) for the websocket spec
         """
-        if isinstance(message, unicode):
+        if isinstance(message, str):
             message = message.encode('utf-8')
-        elif not isinstance(message, str):
-            message = str(message)
         packed = "\x00%s\xFF" % message
         return packed
 
@@ -354,7 +352,7 @@ class WebSocket(object):
     def send(self, message):
         """Send a message to the browser.
 
-        *message* should be convertable to a string; unicode objects should be
+        *message* should be convertible to a string; unicode objects should be
         encodable as utf-8.  Raises socket.error with errno of 32
         (broken pipe) if the socket has already been closed by the client."""
         if self.version in ['7', '8', '13']:

examples/when_ready.conf.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ max_mem = 100000
 class MemoryWatch(threading.Thread):
 
     def __init__(self, server, max_mem):
-        super(MemoryWatch, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
         self.daemon = True
         self.server = server
         self.max_mem = max_mem

gunicorn/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
 
-version_info = (19, 9, 0)
+version_info = (20, 1, 0)
 __version__ = ".".join([str(v) for v in version_info])
-SERVER_SOFTWARE = "gunicorn/%s" % __version__
+SERVER = "gunicorn"
+SERVER_SOFTWARE = "%s/%s" % (SERVER, __version__)

gunicorn/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -
+#
+# This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
+# See the NOTICE for more information.
+
+from gunicorn.app.wsgiapp import run
+run()

gunicorn/_compat.py

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-def _check_if_pyc(fname):
-    """Return True if the extension is .pyc, False if .py
-    and None if otherwise"""
-    from imp import find_module
-    from os.path import realpath, dirname, basename, splitext
-
-    # Normalize the file-path for the find_module()
-    filepath = realpath(fname)
-    dirpath = dirname(filepath)
-    module_name = splitext(basename(filepath))[0]
-
-    # Validate and fetch
-    try:
-        fileobj, fullpath, (_, _, pytype) = find_module(module_name, [dirpath])
-    except ImportError:
-        raise IOError("Cannot find config file. "
-                      "Path maybe incorrect! : {0}".format(filepath))
-    return pytype, fileobj, fullpath
-
-
-def _get_codeobj(pyfile):
-    """ Returns the code object, given a python file """
-    from imp import PY_COMPILED, PY_SOURCE
-
-    result, fileobj, fullpath = _check_if_pyc(pyfile)
-
-    # WARNING:
-    # fp.read() can blowup if the module is extremely large file.
-    # Lookout for overflow errors.
-    try:
-        data = fileobj.read()
-    finally:
-        fileobj.close()
-
-    # This is a .pyc file. Treat accordingly.
-    if result is PY_COMPILED:
-        # .pyc format is as follows:
-        # 0 - 4 bytes: Magic number, which changes with each create of .pyc file.
-        #              First 2 bytes change with each marshal of .pyc file. Last 2 bytes is "\r\n".
-        # 4 - 8 bytes: Datetime value, when the .py was last changed.
-        # 8 - EOF: Marshalled code object data.
-        # So to get code object, just read the 8th byte onwards till EOF, and
-        # UN-marshal it.
-        import marshal
-        code_obj = marshal.loads(data[8:])
-
-    elif result is PY_SOURCE:
-        # This is a .py file.
-        code_obj = compile(data, fullpath, 'exec')
-
-    else:
-        # Unsupported extension
-        raise Exception("Input file is unknown format: {0}".format(fullpath))
-
-    # Return code object
-    return code_obj
-
-
-def execfile_(fname, *args):
-    if fname.endswith(".pyc"):
-        code = _get_codeobj(fname)
-    else:
-        with open(fname, 'rb') as file:
-            code = compile(file.read(), fname, 'exec')
-    return exec(code, *args)

gunicorn/app/base.py

@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@
 #
 # This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
+import importlib.util
+import importlib.machinery
 import os
 import sys
 import traceback
 
-from gunicorn._compat import execfile_
 from gunicorn import util
 from gunicorn.arbiter import Arbiter
 from gunicorn.config import Config, get_default_config_file
 from gunicorn import debug
 
+
 class BaseApplication(object):
     """
     An application interface for configuring and loading
@@ -93,25 +95,30 @@ class Application(BaseApplication):
         if not os.path.exists(filename):
             raise RuntimeError("%r doesn't exist" % filename)
 
-        cfg = {
+        ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
-            "__builtins__": __builtins__,
+
-            "__name__": "__config__",
-            "__file__": filename,
-            "__doc__": None,
-            "__package__": None
-        }
         try:
-            execfile_(filename, cfg, cfg)
+            module_name = '__config__'
+            if ext in [".py", ".pyc"]:
+                spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, filename)
+            else:
+                msg = "configuration file should have a valid Python extension.\n"
+                util.warn(msg)
+                loader_ = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader(module_name, filename)
+                spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, filename, loader=loader_)
+            mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            sys.modules[module_name] = mod
+            spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
         except Exception:
             print("Failed to read config file: %s" % filename, file=sys.stderr)
             traceback.print_exc()
             sys.stderr.flush()
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        return cfg
+        return vars(mod)
 
     def get_config_from_module_name(self, module_name):
-        return vars(util.import_module(module_name))
+        return vars(importlib.import_module(module_name))
 
     def load_config_from_module_name_or_filename(self, location):
         """
@@ -135,7 +142,7 @@ class Application(BaseApplication):
                 continue
             try:
                 self.cfg.set(k.lower(), v)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 print("Invalid value for %s: %s\n" % (k, v), file=sys.stderr)
                 sys.stderr.flush()
                 raise
@@ -193,10 +200,13 @@ class Application(BaseApplication):
         self.chdir()
 
     def run(self):
-        if self.cfg.check_config:
+        if self.cfg.print_config:
+            print(self.cfg)
+
+        if self.cfg.print_config or self.cfg.check_config:
             try:
                 self.load()
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 msg = "\nError while loading the application:\n"
                 print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
                 traceback.print_exc()
@@ -208,6 +218,11 @@ class Application(BaseApplication):
             debug.spew()
 
         if self.cfg.daemon:
+            if os.environ.get('NOTIFY_SOCKET'):
+                msg = "Warning: you shouldn't specify `daemon = True`" \
+                      " when launching by systemd with `Type = notify`"
+                print(msg, file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
+
             util.daemonize(self.cfg.enable_stdio_inheritance)
 
         # set python paths
@@ -218,4 +233,4 @@ class Application(BaseApplication):
                 if pythonpath not in sys.path:
                     sys.path.insert(0, pythonpath)
 
-        super(Application, self).run()
+        super().run()

gunicorn/app/pasterapp.py

@@ -3,206 +3,73 @@
 # This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
 
-# pylint: skip-file
+import configparser
-
 import os
-import pkg_resources
-import sys
 
-try:
+from paste.deploy import loadapp
-    import configparser as ConfigParser
-except ImportError:
-    import ConfigParser
 
-from paste.deploy import loadapp, loadwsgi
+from gunicorn.app.wsgiapp import WSGIApplication
-SERVER = loadwsgi.SERVER
+from gunicorn.config import get_default_config_file
-
-from gunicorn.app.base import Application
-from gunicorn.config import Config, get_default_config_file
-from gunicorn import util
 
 
-def _has_logging_config(paste_file):
+def get_wsgi_app(config_uri, name=None, defaults=None):
-    cfg_parser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
+    if ':' not in config_uri:
-    cfg_parser.read([paste_file])
+        config_uri = "config:%s" % config_uri
-    return cfg_parser.has_section('loggers')
+
+    return loadapp(
+        config_uri,
+        name=name,
+        relative_to=os.getcwd(),
+        global_conf=defaults,
+    )
 
 
-def paste_config(gconfig, config_url, relative_to, global_conf=None):
+def has_logging_config(config_file):
-    # add entry to pkg_resources
+    parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
-    sys.path.insert(0, relative_to)
+    parser.read([config_file])
-    pkg_resources.working_set.add_entry(relative_to)
+    return parser.has_section('loggers')
 
-    config_url = config_url.split('#')[0]
-    cx = loadwsgi.loadcontext(SERVER, config_url, relative_to=relative_to,
-                              global_conf=global_conf)
-    gc, lc = cx.global_conf.copy(), cx.local_conf.copy()
-    cfg = {}
 
-    host, port = lc.pop('host', ''), lc.pop('port', '')
+def serve(app, global_conf, **local_conf):
+    """\
+    A Paste Deployment server runner.
+
+    Example configuration:
+
+        [server:main]
+        use = egg:gunicorn#main
+        host = 127.0.0.1
+        port = 5000
+    """
+    config_file = global_conf['__file__']
+    gunicorn_config_file = local_conf.pop('config', None)
+
+    host = local_conf.pop('host', '')
+    port = local_conf.pop('port', '')
     if host and port:
-        cfg['bind'] = '%s:%s' % (host, port)
+        local_conf['bind'] = '%s:%s' % (host, port)
     elif host:
-        cfg['bind'] = host.split(',')
+        local_conf['bind'] = host.split(',')
 
-    cfg['default_proc_name'] = gc.get('__file__')
+    class PasterServerApplication(WSGIApplication):
+        def load_config(self):
+            self.cfg.set("default_proc_name", config_file)
 
-    # init logging configuration
+            if has_logging_config(config_file):
-    config_file = config_url.split(':')[1]
+                self.cfg.set("logconfig", config_file)
-    if _has_logging_config(config_file):
-        cfg.setdefault('logconfig', config_file)
 
-    for k, v in gc.items():
+            if gunicorn_config_file:
-        if k not in gconfig.settings:
+                self.load_config_from_file(gunicorn_config_file)
-            continue
+            else:
-        cfg[k] = v
+                default_gunicorn_config_file = get_default_config_file()
+                if default_gunicorn_config_file is not None:
+                    self.load_config_from_file(default_gunicorn_config_file)
 
-    for k, v in lc.items():
+            for k, v in local_conf.items():
-        if k not in gconfig.settings:
+                if v is not None:
-            continue
-        cfg[k] = v
-
-    return cfg
-
-
-def load_pasteapp(config_url, relative_to, global_conf=None):
-    return loadapp(config_url, relative_to=relative_to,
-            global_conf=global_conf)
-
-class PasterBaseApplication(Application):
-    gcfg = None
-
-    def app_config(self):
-        return paste_config(self.cfg, self.cfgurl, self.relpath,
-                global_conf=self.gcfg)
-
-    def load_config(self):
-        super(PasterBaseApplication, self).load_config()
-
-        # reload logging conf
-        if hasattr(self, "cfgfname"):
-            parser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
-            parser.read([self.cfgfname])
-            if parser.has_section('loggers'):
-                from logging.config import fileConfig
-                config_file = os.path.abspath(self.cfgfname)
-                fileConfig(config_file, dict(__file__=config_file,
-                                             here=os.path.dirname(config_file)))
-
-
-class PasterApplication(PasterBaseApplication):
-
-    def init(self, parser, opts, args):
-        if len(args) != 1:
-            parser.error("No application name specified.")
-
-        cwd = util.getcwd()
-        cfgfname = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(cwd, args[0]))
-        cfgfname = os.path.abspath(cfgfname)
-        if not os.path.exists(cfgfname):
-            parser.error("Config file not found: %s" % cfgfname)
-
-        self.cfgurl = 'config:%s' % cfgfname
-        self.relpath = os.path.dirname(cfgfname)
-        self.cfgfname = cfgfname
-
-        sys.path.insert(0, self.relpath)
-        pkg_resources.working_set.add_entry(self.relpath)
-
-        return self.app_config()
-
-    def load(self):
-        # chdir to the configured path before loading,
-        # default is the current dir
-        os.chdir(self.cfg.chdir)
-
-        return load_pasteapp(self.cfgurl, self.relpath, global_conf=self.gcfg)
-
-
-class PasterServerApplication(PasterBaseApplication):
-
-    def __init__(self, app, gcfg=None, host="127.0.0.1", port=None, **kwargs):
-        # pylint: disable=super-init-not-called
-        self.cfg = Config()
-        self.gcfg = gcfg  # need to hold this for app_config
-        self.app = app
-        self.callable = None
-
-        gcfg = gcfg or {}
-        cfgfname = gcfg.get("__file__")
-        if cfgfname is not None:
-            self.cfgurl = 'config:%s' % cfgfname
-            self.relpath = os.path.dirname(cfgfname)
-            self.cfgfname = cfgfname
-
-        cfg = kwargs.copy()
-
-        if port and not host.startswith("unix:"):
-            bind = "%s:%s" % (host, port)
-        else:
-            bind = host
-        cfg["bind"] = bind.split(',')
-
-        if gcfg:
-            for k, v in gcfg.items():
-                cfg[k] = v
-            cfg["default_proc_name"] = cfg['__file__']
-
-        try:
-            for k, v in cfg.items():
-                if k.lower() in self.cfg.settings and v is not None:
                     self.cfg.set(k.lower(), v)
-        except Exception as e:
-            print("\nConfig error: %s" % str(e), file=sys.stderr)
-            sys.stderr.flush()
-            sys.exit(1)
 
-        if cfg.get("config"):
+        def load(self):
-            self.load_config_from_file(cfg["config"])
+            return app
-        else:
-            default_config = get_default_config_file()
-            if default_config is not None:
-                self.load_config_from_file(default_config)
 
-    def load(self):
+    PasterServerApplication().run()
-        return self.app
-
-
-def run():
-    """\
-    The ``gunicorn_paster`` command for launching Paster compatible
-    applications like Pylons or Turbogears2
-    """
-    util.warn("""This command is deprecated.
-
-    You should now use the `--paste` option. Ex.:
-
-        gunicorn --paste development.ini
-    """)
-
-    from gunicorn.app.pasterapp import PasterApplication
-    PasterApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] pasteconfig.ini").run()
-
-
-def paste_server(app, gcfg=None, host="127.0.0.1", port=None, **kwargs):
-    """\
-    A paster server.
-
-    Then entry point in your paster ini file should looks like this:
-
-    [server:main]
-    use = egg:gunicorn#main
-    host = 127.0.0.1
-    port = 5000
-
-    """
-
-    util.warn("""This command is deprecated.
-
-    You should now use the `--paste` option. Ex.:
-
-        gunicorn --paste development.ini
-    """)
-
-    from gunicorn.app.pasterapp import PasterServerApplication
-    PasterServerApplication(app, gcfg=gcfg, host=host, port=port, **kwargs).run()

gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py

@@ -12,38 +12,44 @@ from gunicorn import util
 
 class WSGIApplication(Application):
     def init(self, parser, opts, args):
+        self.app_uri = None
+
         if opts.paste:
-            app_name = 'main'
+            from .pasterapp import has_logging_config
-            path = opts.paste
-            if '#' in path:
-                path, app_name = path.split('#')
-            path = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(
-                os.path.join(util.getcwd(), path)))
 
-            if not os.path.exists(path):
+            config_uri = os.path.abspath(opts.paste)
-                raise ConfigError("%r not found" % path)
+            config_file = config_uri.split('#')[0]
 
-            # paste application, load the config
+            if not os.path.exists(config_file):
-            self.cfgurl = 'config:%s#%s' % (path, app_name)
+                raise ConfigError("%r not found" % config_file)
-            self.relpath = os.path.dirname(path)
 
-            from .pasterapp import paste_config
+            self.cfg.set("default_proc_name", config_file)
-            return paste_config(self.cfg, self.cfgurl, self.relpath)
+            self.app_uri = config_uri
 
-        if not args:
+            if has_logging_config(config_file):
-            parser.error("No application module specified.")
+                self.cfg.set("logconfig", config_file)
 
-        self.cfg.set("default_proc_name", args[0])
+            return
-        self.app_uri = args[0]
+
+        if len(args) > 0:
+            self.cfg.set("default_proc_name", args[0])
+            self.app_uri = args[0]
+
+    def load_config(self):
+        super().load_config()
+
+        if self.app_uri is None:
+            if self.cfg.wsgi_app is not None:
+                self.app_uri = self.cfg.wsgi_app
+            else:
+                raise ConfigError("No application module specified.")
 
     def load_wsgiapp(self):
-        # load the app
         return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
 
     def load_pasteapp(self):
-        # load the paste app
+        from .pasterapp import get_wsgi_app
-        from .pasterapp import load_pasteapp
+        return get_wsgi_app(self.app_uri, defaults=self.cfg.paste_global_conf)
-        return load_pasteapp(self.cfgurl, self.relpath, global_conf=self.cfg.paste_global_conf)
 
     def load(self):
         if self.cfg.paste is not None:

gunicorn/arbiter.py

@@ -154,10 +154,11 @@ class Arbiter(object):
 
             self.LISTENERS = sock.create_sockets(self.cfg, self.log, fds)
 
-        listeners_str = ",".join([str(l) for l in self.LISTENERS])
+        listeners_str = ",".join([str(lnr) for lnr in self.LISTENERS])
         self.log.debug("Arbiter booted")
         self.log.info("Listening at: %s (%s)", listeners_str, self.pid)
         self.log.info("Using worker: %s", self.cfg.worker_class_str)
+        systemd.sd_notify("READY=1\nSTATUS=Gunicorn arbiter booted", self.log)
 
         # check worker class requirements
         if hasattr(self.worker_class, "check_config"):
@@ -222,17 +223,15 @@ class Arbiter(object):
                 self.log.info("Handling signal: %s", signame)
                 handler()
                 self.wakeup()
-        except StopIteration:
+        except (StopIteration, KeyboardInterrupt):
-            self.halt()
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.halt()
         except HaltServer as inst:
             self.halt(reason=inst.reason, exit_status=inst.exit_status)
         except SystemExit:
             raise
         except Exception:
-            self.log.info("Unhandled exception in main loop",
+            self.log.error("Unhandled exception in main loop",
-                          exc_info=True)
+                           exc_info=True)
             self.stop(False)
             if self.pidfile is not None:
                 self.pidfile.unlink()
@@ -296,8 +295,8 @@ class Arbiter(object):
     def handle_usr2(self):
         """\
         SIGUSR2 handling.
-        Creates a new master/worker set as a slave of the current
+        Creates a new arbiter/worker set as a fork of the current
-        master without affecting old workers. Use this to do live
+        arbiter without affecting old workers. Use this to do live
         deployment with the ability to backout a change.
         """
         self.reexec()
@@ -422,7 +421,7 @@ class Arbiter(object):
             environ['LISTEN_FDS'] = str(len(self.LISTENERS))
         else:
             environ['GUNICORN_FD'] = ','.join(
-                str(l.fileno()) for l in self.LISTENERS)
+                str(lnr.fileno()) for lnr in self.LISTENERS)
 
         os.chdir(self.START_CTX['cwd'])
 
@@ -455,11 +454,11 @@ class Arbiter(object):
         # do we need to change listener ?
         if old_address != self.cfg.address:
             # close all listeners
-            for l in self.LISTENERS:
+            for lnr in self.LISTENERS:
-                l.close()
+                lnr.close()
             # init new listeners
             self.LISTENERS = sock.create_sockets(self.cfg, self.log)
-            listeners_str = ",".join([str(l) for l in self.LISTENERS])
+            listeners_str = ",".join([str(lnr) for lnr in self.LISTENERS])
             self.log.info("Listening at: %s", listeners_str)
 
         # do some actions on reload
@@ -591,7 +590,7 @@ class Arbiter(object):
             print("%s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
             sys.stderr.flush()
             sys.exit(self.APP_LOAD_ERROR)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.log.exception("Exception in worker process")
             if not worker.booted:
                 sys.exit(self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
@@ -601,9 +600,9 @@ class Arbiter(object):
             try:
                 worker.tmp.close()
                 self.cfg.worker_exit(self, worker)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 self.log.warning("Exception during worker exit:\n%s",
-                                  traceback.format_exc())
+                                 traceback.format_exc())
 
     def spawn_workers(self):
         """\

gunicorn/config.py

@@ -51,6 +51,16 @@ class Config(object):
         self.prog = prog or os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
         self.env_orig = os.environ.copy()
 
+    def __str__(self):
+        lines = []
+        kmax = max(len(k) for k in self.settings)
+        for k in sorted(self.settings):
+            v = self.settings[k].value
+            if callable(v):
+                v = "<{}()>".format(v.__qualname__)
+            lines.append("{k:{kmax}} = {v}".format(k=k, v=v, kmax=kmax))
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
     def __getattr__(self, name):
         if name not in self.settings:
             raise AttributeError("No configuration setting for: %s" % name)
@@ -59,7 +69,7 @@ class Config(object):
     def __setattr__(self, name, value):
         if name != "settings" and name in self.settings:
             raise AttributeError("Invalid access!")
-        super(Config, self).__setattr__(name, value)
+        super().__setattr__(name, value)
 
     def set(self, name, value):
         if name not in self.settings:
@@ -78,9 +88,9 @@ class Config(object):
         }
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(**kwargs)
         parser.add_argument("-v", "--version",
-                action="version", default=argparse.SUPPRESS,
+                            action="version", default=argparse.SUPPRESS,
-                version="%(prog)s (version " + __version__ + ")\n",
+                            version="%(prog)s (version " + __version__ + ")\n",
-                help="show program's version number and exit")
+                            help="show program's version number and exit")
         parser.add_argument("args", nargs="*", help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
 
         keys = sorted(self.settings, key=self.settings.__getitem__)
@@ -93,17 +103,17 @@ class Config(object):
     def worker_class_str(self):
         uri = self.settings['worker_class'].get()
 
-        ## are we using a threaded worker?
+        # are we using a threaded worker?
         is_sync = uri.endswith('SyncWorker') or uri == 'sync'
         if is_sync and self.threads > 1:
-            return "threads"
+            return "gthread"
         return uri
 
     @property
     def worker_class(self):
         uri = self.settings['worker_class'].get()
 
-        ## are we using a threaded worker?
+        # are we using a threaded worker?
         is_sync = uri.endswith('SyncWorker') or uri == 'sync'
         if is_sync and self.threads > 1:
             uri = "gunicorn.workers.gthread.ThreadWorker"
@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@ class Config(object):
 
 class SettingMeta(type):
     def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
-        super_new = super(SettingMeta, cls).__new__
+        super_new = super().__new__
         parents = [b for b in bases if isinstance(b, SettingMeta)]
         if not parents:
             return super_new(cls, name, bases, attrs)
@@ -308,6 +318,15 @@ class Setting(object):
                 self.order < other.order)
     __cmp__ = __lt__
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s.%s object at %x with value %r>" % (
+            self.__class__.__module__,
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            id(self),
+            self.value,
+        )
+
+
 Setting = SettingMeta('Setting', (Setting,), {})
 
 
@@ -429,7 +448,7 @@ def validate_callable(arity):
                 raise TypeError(str(e))
             except AttributeError:
                 raise TypeError("Can not load '%s' from '%s'"
-                    "" % (obj_name, mod_name))
+                                "" % (obj_name, mod_name))
         if not callable(val):
             raise TypeError("Value is not callable: %s" % val)
         if arity != -1 and arity != util.get_arity(val):
@@ -515,7 +534,7 @@ def validate_reload_engine(val):
 
 def get_default_config_file():
     config_path = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.getcwd()),
-            'gunicorn.conf.py')
+                               'gunicorn.conf.py')
     if os.path.exists(config_path):
         return config_path
     return None
@@ -527,20 +546,37 @@ class ConfigFile(Setting):
     cli = ["-c", "--config"]
     meta = "CONFIG"
     validator = validate_string
-    default = None
+    default = "./gunicorn.conf.py"
     desc = """\
-        The Gunicorn config file.
+        :ref:`The Gunicorn config file<configuration_file>`.
 
         A string of the form ``PATH``, ``file:PATH``, or ``python:MODULE_NAME``.
 
         Only has an effect when specified on the command line or as part of an
         application specific configuration.
 
+        By default, a file named ``gunicorn.conf.py`` will be read from the same
+        directory where gunicorn is being run.
+
         .. versionchanged:: 19.4
            Loading the config from a Python module requires the ``python:``
            prefix.
         """
 
+
+class WSGIApp(Setting):
+    name = "wsgi_app"
+    section = "Config File"
+    meta = "STRING"
+    validator = validate_string
+    default = None
+    desc = """\
+        A WSGI application path in pattern ``$(MODULE_NAME):$(VARIABLE_NAME)``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 20.1.0
+        """
+
+
 class Bind(Setting):
     name = "bind"
     action = "append"
@@ -557,8 +593,11 @@ class Bind(Setting):
     desc = """\
         The socket to bind.
 
-        A string of the form: ``HOST``, ``HOST:PORT``, ``unix:PATH``. An IP is
+        A string of the form: ``HOST``, ``HOST:PORT``, ``unix:PATH``,
-        a valid ``HOST``.
+        ``fd://FD``. An IP is a valid ``HOST``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 20.0
+           Support for ``fd://FD`` got added.
 
         Multiple addresses can be bound. ex.::
 
@@ -566,6 +605,10 @@ class Bind(Setting):
 
         will bind the `test:app` application on localhost both on ipv6
         and ipv4 interfaces.
+
+        If the ``PORT`` environment variable is defined, the default
+        is ``['0.0.0.0:$PORT']``. If it is not defined, the default
+        is ``['127.0.0.1:8000']``.
         """
 
 
@@ -604,8 +647,9 @@ class Workers(Setting):
         You'll want to vary this a bit to find the best for your particular
         application's work load.
 
-        By default, the value of the ``WEB_CONCURRENCY`` environment variable.
+        By default, the value of the ``WEB_CONCURRENCY`` environment variable,
-        If it is not defined, the default is ``1``.
+        which is set by some Platform-as-a-Service providers such as Heroku. If
+        it is not defined, the default is ``1``.
         """
 
 
@@ -622,32 +666,27 @@ class WorkerClass(Setting):
         The default class (``sync``) should handle most "normal" types of
         workloads. You'll want to read :doc:`design` for information on when
         you might want to choose one of the other worker classes. Required
-        libraries may be installed using setuptools' ``extra_require`` feature.
+        libraries may be installed using setuptools' ``extras_require`` feature.
 
         A string referring to one of the following bundled classes:
 
         * ``sync``
-        * ``eventlet`` - Requires eventlet >= 0.9.7 (or install it via 
+        * ``eventlet`` - Requires eventlet >= 0.24.1 (or install it via
           ``pip install gunicorn[eventlet]``)
-        * ``gevent``   - Requires gevent >= 0.13 (or install it via 
+        * ``gevent``   - Requires gevent >= 1.4 (or install it via
           ``pip install gunicorn[gevent]``)
-        * ``tornado``  - Requires tornado >= 0.2 (or install it via 
+        * ``tornado``  - Requires tornado >= 0.2 (or install it via
           ``pip install gunicorn[tornado]``)
         * ``gthread``  - Python 2 requires the futures package to be installed
           (or install it via ``pip install gunicorn[gthread]``)
-        * ``gaiohttp`` - Deprecated.
 
         Optionally, you can provide your own worker by giving Gunicorn a
         Python path to a subclass of ``gunicorn.workers.base.Worker``.
         This alternative syntax will load the gevent class:
         ``gunicorn.workers.ggevent.GeventWorker``.
-
-        .. deprecated:: 19.8
-           The ``gaiohttp`` worker is deprecated. Please use
-           ``aiohttp.worker.GunicornWebWorker`` instead. See
-           :ref:`asyncio-workers` for more information on how to use it.
         """
 
+
 class WorkerThreads(Setting):
     name = "threads"
     section = "Worker Processes"
@@ -668,7 +707,7 @@ class WorkerThreads(Setting):
         If it is not defined, the default is ``1``.
 
         This setting only affects the Gthread worker type.
-        
+
         .. note::
            If you try to use the ``sync`` worker type and set the ``threads``
            setting to more than 1, the ``gthread`` worker type will be used
@@ -741,10 +780,14 @@ class Timeout(Setting):
     desc = """\
         Workers silent for more than this many seconds are killed and restarted.
 
-        Generally set to thirty seconds. Only set this noticeably higher if
+        Value is a positive number or 0. Setting it to 0 has the effect of
-        you're sure of the repercussions for sync workers. For the non sync
+        infinite timeouts by disabling timeouts for all workers entirely.
-        workers it just means that the worker process is still communicating and
+
-        is not tied to the length of time required to handle a single request.
+        Generally, the default of thirty seconds should suffice. Only set this
+        noticeably higher if you're sure of the repercussions for sync workers.
+        For the non sync workers it just means that the worker process is still
+        communicating and is not tied to the length of time required to handle a
+        single request.
         """
 
 
@@ -889,9 +932,9 @@ class ReloadEngine(Setting):
 
         Valid engines are:
 
-        * 'auto'
+        * ``'auto'``
-        * 'poll'
+        * ``'poll'``
-        * 'inotify' (requires inotify)
+        * ``'inotify'`` (requires inotify)
 
         .. versionadded:: 19.7
         """
@@ -935,7 +978,20 @@ class ConfigCheck(Setting):
     action = "store_true"
     default = False
     desc = """\
-        Check the configuration.
+        Check the configuration and exit. The exit status is 0 if the
+        configuration is correct, and 1 if the configuration is incorrect.
+        """
+
+
+class PrintConfig(Setting):
+    name = "print_config"
+    section = "Debugging"
+    cli = ["--print-config"]
+    validator = validate_bool
+    action = "store_true"
+    default = False
+    desc = """\
+        Print the configuration settings as fully resolved. Implies :ref:`check-config`.
         """
 
 
@@ -1001,7 +1057,7 @@ class Chdir(Setting):
     validator = validate_chdir
     default = util.getcwd()
     desc = """\
-        Chdir to specified directory before apps loading.
+        Change directory to specified directory before loading apps.
         """
 
 
@@ -1019,6 +1075,7 @@ class Daemon(Setting):
         background.
         """
 
+
 class Env(Setting):
     name = "raw_env"
     action = "append"
@@ -1029,13 +1086,21 @@ class Env(Setting):
     default = []
 
     desc = """\
-        Set environment variable (key=value).
+        Set environment variables in the execution environment.
 
-        Pass variables to the execution environment. Ex.::
+        Should be a list of strings in the ``key=value`` format.
+
+        For example on the command line:
+
+        .. code-block:: console
 
             $ gunicorn -b 127.0.0.1:8000 --env FOO=1 test:app
 
-        and test for the foo variable environment in your application.
+        Or in the configuration file:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            raw_env = ["FOO=1"]
         """
 
 
@@ -1052,6 +1117,7 @@ class Pidfile(Setting):
         If not set, no PID file will be written.
         """
 
+
 class WorkerTmpDir(Setting):
     name = "worker_tmp_dir"
     section = "Server Mechanics"
@@ -1105,6 +1171,7 @@ class Group(Setting):
         change the worker processes group.
         """
 
+
 class Umask(Setting):
     name = "umask"
     section = "Server Mechanics"
@@ -1171,10 +1238,16 @@ class SecureSchemeHeader(Setting):
     desc = """\
 
         A dictionary containing headers and values that the front-end proxy
-        uses to indicate HTTPS requests. These tell Gunicorn to set
+        uses to indicate HTTPS requests. If the source IP is permitted by
+        ``forwarded-allow-ips`` (below), *and* at least one request header matches
+        a key-value pair listed in this dictionary, then Gunicorn will set
         ``wsgi.url_scheme`` to ``https``, so your application can tell that the
         request is secure.
 
+        If the other headers listed in this dictionary are not present in the request, they will be ignored,
+        but if the other headers are present and do not match the provided values, then
+        the request will fail to parse. See the note below for more detailed examples of this behaviour.
+
         The dictionary should map upper-case header names to exact string
         values. The value comparisons are case-sensitive, unlike the header
         names, so make sure they're exactly what your front-end proxy sends
@@ -1202,6 +1275,71 @@ class ForwardedAllowIPS(Setting):
 
         By default, the value of the ``FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS`` environment
         variable. If it is not defined, the default is ``"127.0.0.1"``.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            The interplay between the request headers, the value of ``forwarded_allow_ips``, and the value of
+            ``secure_scheme_headers`` is complex. Various scenarios are documented below to further elaborate.
+            In each case, we have a request from the remote address 134.213.44.18, and the default value of
+            ``secure_scheme_headers``:
+
+            .. code::
+
+                secure_scheme_headers = {
+                    'X-FORWARDED-PROTOCOL': 'ssl',
+                    'X-FORWARDED-PROTO': 'https',
+                    'X-FORWARDED-SSL': 'on'
+                }
+
+
+            .. list-table::
+                :header-rows: 1
+                :align: center
+                :widths: auto
+
+                * - ``forwarded-allow-ips``
+                  - Secure Request Headers
+                  - Result
+                  - Explanation
+                * - .. code::
+
+                        ["127.0.0.1"]
+                  - .. code::
+
+                        X-Forwarded-Proto: https
+                  - .. code::
+
+                        wsgi.url_scheme = "http"
+                  - IP address was not allowed
+                * - .. code::
+
+                        "*"
+                  - <none>
+                  - .. code::
+
+                        wsgi.url_scheme = "http"
+                  - IP address allowed, but no secure headers provided
+                * - .. code::
+
+                        "*"
+                  - .. code::
+
+                        X-Forwarded-Proto: https
+                  - .. code::
+
+                        wsgi.url_scheme = "https"
+                  - IP address allowed, one request header matched
+                * - .. code::
+
+                        ["134.213.44.18"]
+                  - .. code::
+
+                        X-Forwarded-Ssl: on
+                        X-Forwarded-Proto: http
+                  - ``InvalidSchemeHeaders()`` raised
+                  - IP address allowed, but the two secure headers disagreed on if HTTPS was used
+
+
         """
 
 
@@ -1218,6 +1356,7 @@ class AccessLog(Setting):
         ``'-'`` means log to stdout.
         """
 
+
 class DisableRedirectAccessToSyslog(Setting):
     name = "disable_redirect_access_to_syslog"
     section = "Logging"
@@ -1260,6 +1399,7 @@ class AccessLogFormat(Setting):
         f            referer
         a            user agent
         T            request time in seconds
+        M            request time in milliseconds
         D            request time in microseconds
         L            request time in decimal seconds
         p            process ID
@@ -1305,11 +1445,11 @@ class Loglevel(Setting):
 
         Valid level names are:
 
-        * debug
+        * ``'debug'``
-        * info
+        * ``'info'``
-        * warning
+        * ``'warning'``
-        * error
+        * ``'error'``
-        * critical
+        * ``'critical'``
         """
 
 
@@ -1337,11 +1477,11 @@ class LoggerClass(Setting):
     desc = """\
         The logger you want to use to log events in Gunicorn.
 
-        The default class (``gunicorn.glogging.Logger``) handle most of
+        The default class (``gunicorn.glogging.Logger``) handles most
         normal usages in logging. It provides error and access logging.
 
-        You can provide your own logger by giving Gunicorn a
+        You can provide your own logger by giving Gunicorn a Python path to a
-        Python path to a subclass like ``gunicorn.glogging.Logger``.
+        class that quacks like ``gunicorn.glogging.Logger``.
         """
 
 
@@ -1362,7 +1502,6 @@ class LogConfig(Setting):
 class LogConfigDict(Setting):
     name = "logconfig_dict"
     section = "Logging"
-    cli = ["--log-config-dict"]
     validator = validate_dict
     default = {}
     desc = """\
@@ -1498,6 +1637,23 @@ class StatsdHost(Setting):
     .. versionadded:: 19.1
     """
 
+
+# Datadog Statsd (dogstatsd) tags. https://docs.datadoghq.com/developers/dogstatsd/
+class DogstatsdTags(Setting):
+    name = "dogstatsd_tags"
+    section = "Logging"
+    cli = ["--dogstatsd-tags"]
+    meta = "DOGSTATSD_TAGS"
+    default = ""
+    validator = validate_string
+    desc = """\
+    A comma-delimited list of datadog statsd (dogstatsd) tags to append to
+    statsd metrics.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 20
+    """
+
+
 class StatsdPrefix(Setting):
     name = "statsd_prefix"
     section = "Logging"
@@ -1673,6 +1829,7 @@ class PostWorkerInit(Setting):
         Worker.
         """
 
+
 class WorkerInt(Setting):
     name = "worker_int"
     section = "Server Hooks"
@@ -1816,6 +1973,7 @@ class NumWorkersChanged(Setting):
         be ``None``.
         """
 
+
 class OnExit(Setting):
     name = "on_exit"
     section = "Server Hooks"
@@ -1896,11 +2054,26 @@ class CertFile(Setting):
     SSL certificate file
     """
 
+
 class SSLVersion(Setting):
     name = "ssl_version"
     section = "SSL"
     cli = ["--ssl-version"]
     validator = validate_ssl_version
+
+    if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLS"):
+        default = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS
+    else:
+        default = ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23
+
+    desc = """\
+    SSL version to use (see stdlib ssl module's)
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 20.0.1
+       The default value has been changed from ``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`` to
+       ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS`` when Python >= 3.6 .
+
+    """
     default = ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23
     desc = """\
     SSL version to use.
@@ -1914,10 +2087,11 @@ class SSLVersion(Setting):
                   Can yield SSL. (Python 3.6+)
     TLSv1         TLS 1.0
     TLSv1_1       TLS 1.1 (Python 3.4+)
-    TLSv2         TLS 1.2 (Python 3.4+)
+    TLSv1_2       TLS 1.2 (Python 3.4+)
     TLS_SERVER    Auto-negotiate the highest protocol version like TLS,
                   but only support server-side SSLSocket connections.
                   (Python 3.6+)
+    ============= ============
 
     .. versionchanged:: 19.7
        The default value has been changed from ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1`` to
@@ -1927,6 +2101,7 @@ class SSLVersion(Setting):
        constants.
     """
 
+
 class CertReqs(Setting):
     name = "cert_reqs"
     section = "SSL"
@@ -1937,6 +2112,7 @@ class CertReqs(Setting):
     Whether client certificate is required (see stdlib ssl module's)
     """
 
+
 class CACerts(Setting):
     name = "ca_certs"
     section = "SSL"
@@ -1948,6 +2124,7 @@ class CACerts(Setting):
     CA certificates file
     """
 
+
 class SuppressRaggedEOFs(Setting):
     name = "suppress_ragged_eofs"
     section = "SSL"
@@ -1959,6 +2136,7 @@ class SuppressRaggedEOFs(Setting):
     Suppress ragged EOFs (see stdlib ssl module's)
     """
 
+
 class DoHandshakeOnConnect(Setting):
     name = "do_handshake_on_connect"
     section = "SSL"
@@ -1976,9 +2154,22 @@ class Ciphers(Setting):
     section = "SSL"
     cli = ["--ciphers"]
     validator = validate_string
-    default = 'TLSv1'
+    default = None
     desc = """\
-    Ciphers to use (see stdlib ssl module's)
+    SSL Cipher suite to use, in the format of an OpenSSL cipher list.
+
+    By default we use the default cipher list from Python's ``ssl`` module,
+    which contains ciphers considered strong at the time of each Python
+    release.
+
+    As a recommended alternative, the Open Web App Security Project (OWASP)
+    offers `a vetted set of strong cipher strings rated A+ to C-
+    <https://www.owasp.org/index.php/TLS_Cipher_String_Cheat_Sheet>`_.
+    OWASP provides details on user-agent compatibility at each security level.
+
+    See the `OpenSSL Cipher List Format Documentation
+    <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_
+    for details on the format of an OpenSSL cipher list.
     """
 
 
@@ -2002,3 +2193,20 @@ class PasteGlobalConf(Setting):
 
         .. versionadded:: 19.7
         """
+
+
+class StripHeaderSpaces(Setting):
+    name = "strip_header_spaces"
+    section = "Server Mechanics"
+    cli = ["--strip-header-spaces"]
+    validator = validate_bool
+    action = "store_true"
+    default = False
+    desc = """\
+        Strip spaces present between the header name and the the ``:``.
+
+        This is known to induce vulnerabilities and is not compliant with the HTTP/1.1 standard.
+        See https://portswigger.net/research/http-desync-attacks-request-smuggling-reborn.
+
+        Use with care and only if necessary.
+        """

gunicorn/debug.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Spew(object):
             if '__file__' in frame.f_globals:
                 filename = frame.f_globals['__file__']
                 if (filename.endswith('.pyc') or
-                    filename.endswith('.pyo')):
+                        filename.endswith('.pyo')):
                     filename = filename[:-1]
                 name = frame.f_globals['__name__']
                 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)

gunicorn/glogging.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import binascii
 import json
 import time
 import logging
-logging.Logger.manager.emittedNoHandlerWarning = 1
+logging.Logger.manager.emittedNoHandlerWarning = 1  # noqa
 from logging.config import dictConfig
 from logging.config import fileConfig
 import os
@@ -22,76 +22,75 @@ from gunicorn import util
 
 # syslog facility codes
 SYSLOG_FACILITIES = {
-        "auth":     4,
+    "auth": 4,
-        "authpriv": 10,
+    "authpriv": 10,
-        "cron":     9,
+    "cron": 9,
-        "daemon":   3,
+    "daemon": 3,
-        "ftp":      11,
+    "ftp": 11,
-        "kern":     0,
+    "kern": 0,
-        "lpr":      6,
+    "lpr": 6,
-        "mail":     2,
+    "mail": 2,
-        "news":     7,
+    "news": 7,
-        "security": 4,  #  DEPRECATED
+    "security": 4,  # DEPRECATED
-        "syslog":   5,
+    "syslog": 5,
-        "user":     1,
+    "user": 1,
-        "uucp":     8,
+    "uucp": 8,
-        "local0":   16,
+    "local0": 16,
-        "local1":   17,
+    "local1": 17,
-        "local2":   18,
+    "local2": 18,
-        "local3":   19,
+    "local3": 19,
-        "local4":   20,
+    "local4": 20,
-        "local5":   21,
+    "local5": 21,
-        "local6":   22,
+    "local6": 22,
-        "local7":   23
+    "local7": 23
-        }
+}
-
 
 CONFIG_DEFAULTS = dict(
-        version=1,
+    version=1,
-        disable_existing_loggers=False,
+    disable_existing_loggers=False,
 
-        loggers={
+    root={"level": "INFO", "handlers": ["console"]},
-            "root": {"level": "INFO", "handlers": ["console"]},
+    loggers={
-            "gunicorn.error": {
+        "gunicorn.error": {
-                "level": "INFO",
+            "level": "INFO",
-                "handlers": ["error_console"],
+            "handlers": ["error_console"],
-                "propagate": True,
+            "propagate": True,
-                "qualname": "gunicorn.error"
+            "qualname": "gunicorn.error"
-            },
+        },
 
-            "gunicorn.access": {
+        "gunicorn.access": {
-                "level": "INFO",
+            "level": "INFO",
-                "handlers": ["console"],
+            "handlers": ["console"],
-                "propagate": True,
+            "propagate": True,
-                "qualname": "gunicorn.access"
+            "qualname": "gunicorn.access"
-            }
-        },
-        handlers={
-            "console": {
-                "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
-                "formatter": "generic",
-                "stream": "ext://sys.stdout"
-            },
-            "error_console": {
-                "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
-                "formatter": "generic",
-                "stream": "ext://sys.stderr"
-            },
-        },
-        formatters={
-            "generic": {
-                "format": "%(asctime)s [%(process)d] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
-                "datefmt": "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z]",
-                "class": "logging.Formatter"
-            }
         }
+    },
+    handlers={
+        "console": {
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "formatter": "generic",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout"
+        },
+        "error_console": {
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "formatter": "generic",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stderr"
+        },
+    },
+    formatters={
+        "generic": {
+            "format": "%(asctime)s [%(process)d] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
+            "datefmt": "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z]",
+            "class": "logging.Formatter"
+        }
+    }
 )
 
 
 def loggers():
     """ get list of all loggers """
     root = logging.root
-    existing = root.manager.loggerDict.keys()
+    existing = list(root.manager.loggerDict.keys())
     return [logging.getLogger(name) for name in existing]
 
 
@@ -109,11 +108,11 @@ class SafeAtoms(dict):
         if k.startswith("{"):
             kl = k.lower()
             if kl in self:
-                return super(SafeAtoms, self).__getitem__(kl)
+                return super().__getitem__(kl)
             else:
                 return "-"
         if k in self:
-            return super(SafeAtoms, self).__getitem__(k)
+            return super().__getitem__(k)
         else:
             return '-'
 
@@ -214,8 +213,10 @@ class Logger(object):
 
         # set gunicorn.access handler
         if cfg.accesslog is not None:
-            self._set_handler(self.access_log, cfg.accesslog,
+            self._set_handler(
-                fmt=logging.Formatter(self.access_fmt), stream=sys.stdout)
+                self.access_log, cfg.accesslog,
+                fmt=logging.Formatter(self.access_fmt), stream=sys.stdout
+            )
 
         # set syslog handler
         if cfg.syslog:
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ class Logger(object):
         self.error_log.log(lvl, msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def atoms(self, resp, req, environ, request_time):
-        """ Gets atoms for log formating.
+        """ Gets atoms for log formatting.
         """
         status = resp.status
         if isinstance(status, str):
@@ -300,7 +301,8 @@ class Logger(object):
             'u': self._get_user(environ) or '-',
             't': self.now(),
             'r': "%s %s %s" % (environ['REQUEST_METHOD'],
-                environ['RAW_URI'], environ["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]),
+                               environ['RAW_URI'],
+                               environ["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]),
             's': status,
             'm': environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD'),
             'U': environ.get('PATH_INFO'),
@@ -311,7 +313,8 @@ class Logger(object):
             'f': environ.get('HTTP_REFERER', '-'),
             'a': environ.get('HTTP_USER_AGENT', '-'),
             'T': request_time.seconds,
-            'D': (request_time.seconds*1000000) + request_time.microseconds,
+            'D': (request_time.seconds * 1000000) + request_time.microseconds,
+            'M': (request_time.seconds * 1000) + int(request_time.microseconds / 1000),
             'L': "%d.%06d" % (request_time.seconds, request_time.microseconds),
             'p': "<%s>" % os.getpid()
         }
@@ -353,12 +356,13 @@ class Logger(object):
         # wrap atoms:
         # - make sure atoms will be test case insensitively
         # - if atom doesn't exist replace it by '-'
-        safe_atoms = self.atoms_wrapper_class(self.atoms(resp, req, environ,
+        safe_atoms = self.atoms_wrapper_class(
-            request_time))
+            self.atoms(resp, req, environ, request_time)
+        )
 
         try:
             self.access_log.info(self.cfg.access_log_format, safe_atoms)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.error(traceback.format_exc())
 
     def now(self):
@@ -377,7 +381,6 @@ class Logger(object):
                 os.dup2(self.logfile.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
                 os.dup2(self.logfile.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
 
-
         for log in loggers():
             for handler in log.handlers:
                 if isinstance(handler, logging.FileHandler):
@@ -431,10 +434,7 @@ class Logger(object):
 
     def _set_syslog_handler(self, log, cfg, fmt, name):
         # setup format
-        if not cfg.syslog_prefix:
+        prefix = cfg.syslog_prefix or cfg.proc_name.replace(":", ".")
-            prefix = cfg.proc_name.replace(":", ".")
-        else:
-            prefix = cfg.syslog_prefix
 
         prefix = "gunicorn.%s.%s" % (prefix, name)
 
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class Logger(object):
 
         # finally setup the syslog handler
         h = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=addr,
-                facility=facility, socktype=socktype)
+                                           facility=facility, socktype=socktype)
 
         h.setFormatter(fmt)
         h._gunicorn = True
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class Logger(object):
     def _get_user(self, environ):
         user = None
         http_auth = environ.get("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION")
-        if http_auth and http_auth.startswith('Basic'):
+        if http_auth and http_auth.lower().startswith('basic'):
             auth = http_auth.split(" ", 1)
             if len(auth) == 2:
                 try:

gunicorn/http/body.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import io
 import sys
 
 from gunicorn.http.errors import (NoMoreData, ChunkMissingTerminator,
-        InvalidChunkSize)
+                                  InvalidChunkSize)
 
 
 class ChunkedReader(object):
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ChunkedReader(object):
 
     def read(self, size):
         if not isinstance(size, int):
-            raise TypeError("size must be an integral type")
+            raise TypeError("size must be an integer type")
         if size < 0:
             raise ValueError("Size must be positive.")
         if size == 0:
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ class Body(object):
         if not ret:
             raise StopIteration()
         return ret
+
     next = __next__
 
     def getsize(self, size):

gunicorn/http/message.py

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 import io
 import re
 import socket
-from errno import ENOTCONN
 
-from gunicorn.http.unreader import SocketUnreader
 from gunicorn.http.body import ChunkedReader, LengthReader, EOFReader, Body
-from gunicorn.http.errors import (InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderName, NoMoreData,
+from gunicorn.http.errors import (
+    InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderName, NoMoreData,
     InvalidRequestLine, InvalidRequestMethod, InvalidHTTPVersion,
-    LimitRequestLine, LimitRequestHeaders)
+    LimitRequestLine, LimitRequestHeaders,
+)
 from gunicorn.http.errors import InvalidProxyLine, ForbiddenProxyRequest
 from gunicorn.http.errors import InvalidSchemeHeaders
 from gunicorn.util import bytes_to_str, split_request_uri
@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@ VERSION_RE = re.compile(r"HTTP/(\d+)\.(\d+)")
 
 
 class Message(object):
-    def __init__(self, cfg, unreader):
+    def __init__(self, cfg, unreader, peer_addr):
         self.cfg = cfg
         self.unreader = unreader
+        self.peer_addr = peer_addr
+        self.remote_addr = peer_addr
         self.version = None
         self.headers = []
         self.trailers = []
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ class Message(object):
         # set headers limits
         self.limit_request_fields = cfg.limit_request_fields
         if (self.limit_request_fields <= 0
-            or self.limit_request_fields > MAX_HEADERS):
+                or self.limit_request_fields > MAX_HEADERS):
             self.limit_request_fields = MAX_HEADERS
         self.limit_request_field_size = cfg.limit_request_field_size
         if self.limit_request_field_size < 0:
@@ -67,16 +69,10 @@ class Message(object):
         # handle scheme headers
         scheme_header = False
         secure_scheme_headers = {}
-        if '*' in cfg.forwarded_allow_ips:
+        if ('*' in cfg.forwarded_allow_ips or
+            not isinstance(self.peer_addr, tuple)
+                or self.peer_addr[0] in cfg.forwarded_allow_ips):
             secure_scheme_headers = cfg.secure_scheme_headers
-        elif isinstance(self.unreader, SocketUnreader):
-            remote_addr = self.unreader.sock.getpeername()
-            if self.unreader.sock.family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
-                remote_host = remote_addr[0]
-                if remote_host in cfg.forwarded_allow_ips:
-                    secure_scheme_headers = cfg.secure_scheme_headers
-            elif self.unreader.sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
-                secure_scheme_headers = cfg.secure_scheme_headers
 
         # Parse headers into key/value pairs paying attention
         # to continuation lines.
@@ -90,7 +86,10 @@ class Message(object):
             if curr.find(":") < 0:
                 raise InvalidHeader(curr.strip())
             name, value = curr.split(":", 1)
-            name = name.rstrip(" \t").upper()
+            if self.cfg.strip_header_spaces:
+                name = name.rstrip(" \t").upper()
+            else:
+                name = name.upper()
             if HEADER_RE.search(name):
                 raise InvalidHeaderName(name)
 
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ class Message(object):
                 header_length += len(curr)
                 if header_length > self.limit_request_field_size > 0:
                     raise LimitRequestHeaders("limit request headers "
-                            + "fields size")
+                                              "fields size")
                 value.append(curr)
             value = ''.join(value).rstrip()
 
@@ -126,13 +125,15 @@ class Message(object):
     def set_body_reader(self):
         chunked = False
         content_length = None
+
         for (name, value) in self.headers:
             if name == "CONTENT-LENGTH":
+                if content_length is not None:
+                    raise InvalidHeader("CONTENT-LENGTH", req=self)
                 content_length = value
             elif name == "TRANSFER-ENCODING":
-                chunked = value.lower() == "chunked"
+                if value.lower() == "chunked":
-            elif name == "SEC-WEBSOCKET-KEY1":
+                    chunked = True
-                content_length = 8
 
         if chunked:
             self.body = Body(ChunkedReader(self, self.unreader))
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ class Message(object):
 
 
 class Request(Message):
-    def __init__(self, cfg, unreader, req_number=1):
+    def __init__(self, cfg, unreader, peer_addr, req_number=1):
         self.method = None
         self.uri = None
         self.path = None
@@ -172,12 +173,12 @@ class Request(Message):
         # get max request line size
         self.limit_request_line = cfg.limit_request_line
         if (self.limit_request_line < 0
-            or self.limit_request_line >= MAX_REQUEST_LINE):
+                or self.limit_request_line >= MAX_REQUEST_LINE):
             self.limit_request_line = MAX_REQUEST_LINE
 
         self.req_number = req_number
         self.proxy_protocol_info = None
-        super(Request, self).__init__(cfg, unreader)
+        super().__init__(cfg, unreader, peer_addr)
 
     def get_data(self, unreader, buf, stop=False):
         data = unreader.read()
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ class Request(Message):
                 if idx > limit > 0:
                     raise LimitRequestLine(idx, limit)
                 break
-            elif len(data) - 2 > limit > 0:
+            if len(data) - 2 > limit > 0:
                 raise LimitRequestLine(len(data), limit)
             self.get_data(unreader, buf)
             data = buf.getvalue()
@@ -273,16 +274,10 @@ class Request(Message):
 
     def proxy_protocol_access_check(self):
         # check in allow list
-        if isinstance(self.unreader, SocketUnreader):
+        if ("*" not in self.cfg.proxy_allow_ips and
-            try:
+            isinstance(self.peer_addr, tuple) and
-                remote_host = self.unreader.sock.getpeername()[0]
+                self.peer_addr[0] not in self.cfg.proxy_allow_ips):
-            except socket.error as e:
+            raise ForbiddenProxyRequest(self.peer_addr[0])
-                if e.args[0] == ENOTCONN:
-                    raise ForbiddenProxyRequest("UNKNOW")
-                raise
-            if ("*" not in self.cfg.proxy_allow_ips and
-                    remote_host not in self.cfg.proxy_allow_ips):
-                raise ForbiddenProxyRequest(remote_host)
 
     def parse_proxy_protocol(self, line):
         bits = line.split()
@@ -357,6 +352,6 @@ class Request(Message):
         self.version = (int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)))
 
     def set_body_reader(self):
-        super(Request, self).set_body_reader()
+        super().set_body_reader()
         if isinstance(self.body.reader, EOFReader):
             self.body = Body(LengthReader(self.unreader, 0))

gunicorn/http/parser.py

@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ class Parser(object):
 
     mesg_class = None
 
-    def __init__(self, cfg, source):
+    def __init__(self, cfg, source, source_addr):
         self.cfg = cfg
         if hasattr(source, "recv"):
             self.unreader = SocketUnreader(source)
         else:
             self.unreader = IterUnreader(source)
         self.mesg = None
+        self.source_addr = source_addr
 
         # request counter (for keepalive connetions)
         self.req_count = 0
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class Parser(object):
 
         # Parse the next request
         self.req_count += 1
-        self.mesg = self.mesg_class(self.cfg, self.unreader, self.req_count)
+        self.mesg = self.mesg_class(self.cfg, self.unreader, self.source_addr, self.req_count)
         if not self.mesg:
             raise StopIteration()
         return self.mesg

gunicorn/http/unreader.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Unreader(object):
 
 class SocketUnreader(Unreader):
     def __init__(self, sock, max_chunk=8192):
-        super(SocketUnreader, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
         self.sock = sock
         self.mxchunk = max_chunk
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class SocketUnreader(Unreader):
 
 class IterUnreader(Unreader):
     def __init__(self, iterable):
-        super(IterUnreader, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
         self.iter = iter(iterable)
 
     def chunk(self):

gunicorn/http/wsgi.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import sys
 
 from gunicorn.http.message import HEADER_RE
 from gunicorn.http.errors import InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderName
-from gunicorn import SERVER_SOFTWARE
+from gunicorn import SERVER_SOFTWARE, SERVER
 import gunicorn.util as util
 
 # Send files in at most 1GB blocks as some operating systems can have problems
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ def base_environ(cfg):
         "wsgi.multiprocess": (cfg.workers > 1),
         "wsgi.run_once": False,
         "wsgi.file_wrapper": FileWrapper,
+        "wsgi.input_terminated": True,
         "SERVER_SOFTWARE": SERVER_SOFTWARE,
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ class Response(object):
     def __init__(self, req, sock, cfg):
         self.req = req
         self.sock = sock
-        self.version = SERVER_SOFTWARE
+        self.version = SERVER
         self.status = None
         self.chunked = False
         self.must_close = False
@@ -251,10 +252,13 @@ class Response(object):
             if HEADER_RE.search(name):
                 raise InvalidHeaderName('%r' % name)
 
+            if not isinstance(value, str):
+                raise TypeError('%r is not a string' % value)
+
             if HEADER_VALUE_RE.search(value):
                 raise InvalidHeader('%r' % value)
 
-            value = str(value).strip()
+            value = value.strip()
             lname = name.lower().strip()
             if lname == "content-length":
                 self.response_length = int(value)
@@ -299,7 +303,7 @@ class Response(object):
 
         headers = [
             "HTTP/%s.%s %s\r\n" % (self.req.version[0],
-                self.req.version[1], self.status),
+                                   self.req.version[1], self.status),
             "Server: %s\r\n" % self.version,
             "Date: %s\r\n" % util.http_date(),
             "Connection: %s\r\n" % connection
@@ -315,7 +319,7 @@ class Response(object):
         tosend.extend(["%s: %s\r\n" % (k, v) for k, v in self.headers])
 
         header_str = "%s\r\n" % "".join(tosend)
-        util.write(self.sock, util.to_bytestring(header_str, "ascii"))
+        util.write(self.sock, util.to_bytestring(header_str, "latin-1"))
         self.headers_sent = True
 
     def write(self, arg):
@@ -356,12 +360,6 @@ class Response(object):
             offset = os.lseek(fileno, 0, os.SEEK_CUR)
             if self.response_length is None:
                 filesize = os.fstat(fileno).st_size
-
-                # The file may be special and sendfile will fail.
-                # It may also be zero-length, but that is okay.
-                if filesize == 0:
-                    return False
-
                 nbytes = filesize - offset
             else:
                 nbytes = self.response_length
@@ -373,13 +371,8 @@ class Response(object):
         if self.is_chunked():
             chunk_size = "%X\r\n" % nbytes
             self.sock.sendall(chunk_size.encode('utf-8'))
-
+        if nbytes > 0:
-        sockno = self.sock.fileno()
+            self.sock.sendfile(respiter.filelike, offset=offset, count=nbytes)
-        sent = 0
-
-        while sent != nbytes:
-            count = min(nbytes - sent, BLKSIZE)
-            sent += os.sendfile(sockno, fileno, offset + sent, count)
 
         if self.is_chunked():
             self.sock.sendall(b"\r\n")

gunicorn/instrument/statsd.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ GAUGE_TYPE = "gauge"
 COUNTER_TYPE = "counter"
 HISTOGRAM_TYPE = "histogram"
 
+
 class Statsd(Logger):
     """statsD-based instrumentation, that passes as a logger
     """
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ class Statsd(Logger):
         except Exception:
             self.sock = None
 
+        self.dogstatsd_tags = cfg.dogstatsd_tags
+
     # Log errors and warnings
     def critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         Logger.critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ class Statsd(Logger):
         Logger.exception(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
         self.increment("gunicorn.log.exception", 1)
 
-    # Special treatement for info, the most common log level
+    # Special treatment for info, the most common log level
     def info(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         self.log(logging.INFO, msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -116,6 +119,11 @@ class Statsd(Logger):
         try:
             if isinstance(msg, str):
                 msg = msg.encode("ascii")
+
+            # http://docs.datadoghq.com/guides/dogstatsd/#datagram-format
+            if self.dogstatsd_tags:
+                msg = msg + b"|#" + self.dogstatsd_tags.encode('ascii')
+
             if self.sock:
                 self.sock.send(msg)
         except Exception:

gunicorn/pidfile.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class Pidfile(object):
 
             if pid1 == self.pid:
                 os.unlink(self.fname)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
 
     def validate(self):

gunicorn/reloader.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
+# pylint: disable=no-else-continue
 
 import os
 import os.path
@@ -15,16 +16,14 @@ COMPILED_EXT_RE = re.compile(r'py[co]$')
 
 class Reloader(threading.Thread):
     def __init__(self, extra_files=None, interval=1, callback=None):
-        super(Reloader, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
-        self.setDaemon(True)
+        self.daemon = True
         self._extra_files = set(extra_files or ())
-        self._extra_files_lock = threading.RLock()
         self._interval = interval
         self._callback = callback
 
     def add_extra_file(self, filename):
-        with self._extra_files_lock:
+        self._extra_files.add(filename)
-            self._extra_files.add(filename)
 
     def get_files(self):
         fnames = [
@@ -33,8 +32,7 @@ class Reloader(threading.Thread):
             if getattr(module, '__file__', None)
         ]
 
-        with self._extra_files_lock:
+        fnames.extend(self._extra_files)
-            fnames.extend(self._extra_files)
 
         return fnames
 
@@ -55,6 +53,7 @@ class Reloader(threading.Thread):
                         self._callback(filename)
             time.sleep(self._interval)
 
+
 has_inotify = False
 if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
     try:
@@ -74,8 +73,8 @@ if has_inotify:
                       | inotify.constants.IN_MOVED_TO)
 
         def __init__(self, extra_files=None, callback=None):
-            super(InotifyReloader, self).__init__()
+            super().__init__()
-            self.setDaemon(True)
+            self.daemon = True
             self._callback = callback
             self._dirs = set()
             self._watcher = Inotify()
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ if has_inotify:
 
         def get_dirs(self):
             fnames = [
-                os.path.dirname(COMPILED_EXT_RE.sub('py', module.__file__))
+                os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(COMPILED_EXT_RE.sub('py', module.__file__)))
                 for module in tuple(sys.modules.values())
                 if getattr(module, '__file__', None)
             ]
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@ if has_inotify:
             self._dirs = self.get_dirs()
 
             for dirname in self._dirs:
-                self._watcher.add_watch(dirname, mask=self.event_mask)
+                if os.path.isdir(dirname):
+                    self._watcher.add_watch(dirname, mask=self.event_mask)
 
             for event in self._watcher.event_gen():
                 if event is None:

gunicorn/sock.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class BaseSocket(object):
     def set_options(self, sock, bound=False):
         sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
         if (self.conf.reuse_port
-            and hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT')):  # pragma: no cover
+                and hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT')):  # pragma: no cover
             try:
                 sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
             except socket.error as err:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class TCPSocket(BaseSocket):
 
     def set_options(self, sock, bound=False):
         sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
-        return super(TCPSocket, self).set_options(sock, bound=bound)
+        return super().set_options(sock, bound=bound)
 
 
 class TCP6Socket(TCPSocket):
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class UnixSocket(BaseSocket):
                     os.remove(addr)
                 else:
                     raise ValueError("%r is not a socket" % addr)
-        super(UnixSocket, self).__init__(addr, conf, log, fd=fd)
+        super().__init__(addr, conf, log, fd=fd)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return "unix:%s" % self.cfg_addr
@@ -150,7 +150,11 @@ def create_sockets(conf, log, fds=None):
     listeners = []
 
     # get it only once
-    laddr = conf.address
+    addr = conf.address
+    fdaddr = [bind for bind in addr if isinstance(bind, int)]
+    if fds:
+        fdaddr += list(fds)
+    laddr = [bind for bind in addr if not isinstance(bind, int)]
 
     # check ssl config early to raise the error on startup
     # only the certfile is needed since it can contains the keyfile
@@ -161,8 +165,8 @@ def create_sockets(conf, log, fds=None):
         raise ValueError('keyfile "%s" does not exist' % conf.keyfile)
 
     # sockets are already bound
-    if fds is not None:
+    if fdaddr:
-        for fd in fds:
+        for fd in fdaddr:
             sock = socket.fromfd(fd, socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
             sock_name = sock.getsockname()
             sock_type = _sock_type(sock_name)

gunicorn/systemd.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
 
 import os
+import socket
 
 SD_LISTEN_FDS_START = 3
 
@@ -43,3 +44,33 @@ def listen_fds(unset_environment=True):
         os.environ.pop('LISTEN_FDS', None)
 
     return fds
+
+
+def sd_notify(state, logger, unset_environment=False):
+    """Send a notification to systemd. state is a string; see
+    the man page of sd_notify (http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_notify.html)
+    for a description of the allowable values.
+
+    If the unset_environment parameter is True, sd_notify() will unset
+    the $NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variable before returning (regardless of
+    whether the function call itself succeeded or not). Further calls to
+    sd_notify() will then fail, but the variable is no longer inherited by
+    child processes.
+    """
+
+    addr = os.environ.get('NOTIFY_SOCKET')
+    if addr is None:
+        # not run in a service, just a noop
+        return
+    try:
+        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_DGRAM | socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC)
+        if addr[0] == '@':
+            addr = '\0' + addr[1:]
+        sock.connect(addr)
+        sock.sendall(state.encode('utf-8'))
+    except Exception:
+        logger.debug("Exception while invoking sd_notify()", exc_info=True)
+    finally:
+        if unset_environment:
+            os.environ.pop('NOTIFY_SOCKET')
+        sock.close()

gunicorn/util.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 #
 # This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
-
+import ast
 import email.utils
 import errno
 import fcntl
 import html
+import importlib
 import inspect
 import io
 import logging
@@ -53,45 +54,8 @@ except ImportError:
         pass
 
 
-try:
-    from importlib import import_module
-except ImportError:
-    def _resolve_name(name, package, level):
-        """Return the absolute name of the module to be imported."""
-        if not hasattr(package, 'rindex'):
-            raise ValueError("'package' not set to a string")
-        dot = len(package)
-        for _ in range(level, 1, -1):
-            try:
-                dot = package.rindex('.', 0, dot)
-            except ValueError:
-                msg = "attempted relative import beyond top-level package"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-        return "%s.%s" % (package[:dot], name)
-
-    def import_module(name, package=None):
-        """Import a module.
-
-The 'package' argument is required when performing a relative import. It
-specifies the package to use as the anchor point from which to resolve the
-relative import to an absolute import.
-
-"""
-        if name.startswith('.'):
-            if not package:
-                raise TypeError("relative imports require the 'package' argument")
-            level = 0
-            for character in name:
-                if character != '.':
-                    break
-                level += 1
-            name = _resolve_name(name[level:], package, level)
-        __import__(name)
-        return sys.modules[name]
-
-
 def load_class(uri, default="gunicorn.workers.sync.SyncWorker",
-        section="gunicorn.workers"):
+               section="gunicorn.workers"):
     if inspect.isclass(uri):
         return uri
     if uri.startswith("egg:"):
@@ -105,7 +69,7 @@ def load_class(uri, default="gunicorn.workers.sync.SyncWorker",
 
         try:
             return pkg_resources.load_entry_point(dist, section, name)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             exc = traceback.format_exc()
             msg = "class uri %r invalid or not found: \n\n[%s]"
             raise RuntimeError(msg % (uri, exc))
@@ -121,9 +85,10 @@ def load_class(uri, default="gunicorn.workers.sync.SyncWorker",
                     break
 
                 try:
-                    return pkg_resources.load_entry_point("gunicorn",
+                    return pkg_resources.load_entry_point(
-                                section, uri)
+                        "gunicorn", section, uri
-                except:
+                    )
+                except Exception:
                     exc = traceback.format_exc()
                     msg = "class uri %r invalid or not found: \n\n[%s]"
                     raise RuntimeError(msg % (uri, exc))
@@ -131,8 +96,8 @@ def load_class(uri, default="gunicorn.workers.sync.SyncWorker",
         klass = components.pop(-1)
 
         try:
-            mod = import_module('.'.join(components))
+            mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join(components))
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             exc = traceback.format_exc()
             msg = "class uri %r invalid or not found: \n\n[%s]"
             raise RuntimeError(msg % (uri, exc))
@@ -180,7 +145,7 @@ def set_owner_process(uid, gid, initgroups=False):
         elif gid != os.getgid():
             os.setgid(gid)
 
-    if uid:
+    if uid and uid != os.getuid():
         os.setuid(uid)
 
 
@@ -190,7 +155,7 @@ def chown(path, uid, gid):
 
 if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
     def _waitfor(func, pathname, waitall=False):
-        # Peform the operation
+        # Perform the operation
         func(pathname)
         # Now setup the wait loop
         if waitall:
@@ -247,33 +212,35 @@ def is_ipv6(addr):
     return True
 
 
-def parse_address(netloc, default_port=8000):
+def parse_address(netloc, default_port='8000'):
     if re.match(r'unix:(//)?', netloc):
         return re.split(r'unix:(//)?', netloc)[-1]
 
+    if netloc.startswith("fd://"):
+        fd = netloc[5:]
+        try:
+            return int(fd)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RuntimeError("%r is not a valid file descriptor." % fd) from None
+
     if netloc.startswith("tcp://"):
         netloc = netloc.split("tcp://")[1]
+    host, port = netloc, default_port
 
-    # get host
     if '[' in netloc and ']' in netloc:
-        host = netloc.split(']')[0][1:].lower()
+        host = netloc.split(']')[0][1:]
+        port = (netloc.split(']:') + [default_port])[1]
     elif ':' in netloc:
-        host = netloc.split(':')[0].lower()
+        host, port = (netloc.split(':') + [default_port])[:2]
     elif netloc == "":
-        host = "0.0.0.0"
+        host, port = "0.0.0.0", default_port
-    else:
-        host = netloc.lower()
 
-    #get port
+    try:
-    netloc = netloc.split(']')[-1]
-    if ":" in netloc:
-        port = netloc.split(':', 1)[1]
-        if not port.isdigit():
-            raise RuntimeError("%r is not a valid port number." % port)
         port = int(port)
-    else:
+    except ValueError:
-        port = default_port
+        raise RuntimeError("%r is not a valid port number." % port)
-    return (host, port)
+
+    return host.lower(), port
 
 
 def close_on_exec(fd):
@@ -293,6 +260,7 @@ def close(sock):
     except socket.error:
         pass
 
+
 try:
     from os import closerange
 except ImportError:
@@ -354,31 +322,106 @@ def write_error(sock, status_int, reason, mesg):
     write_nonblock(sock, http.encode('latin1'))
 
 
+def _called_with_wrong_args(f):
+    """Check whether calling a function raised a ``TypeError`` because
+    the call failed or because something in the function raised the
+    error.
+
+    :param f: The function that was called.
+    :return: ``True`` if the call failed.
+    """
+    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
+
+    try:
+        while tb is not None:
+            if tb.tb_frame.f_code is f.__code__:
+                # In the function, it was called successfully.
+                return False
+
+            tb = tb.tb_next
+
+        # Didn't reach the function.
+        return True
+    finally:
+        # Delete tb to break a circular reference in Python 2.
+        # https://docs.python.org/2/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
+        del tb
+
+
 def import_app(module):
     parts = module.split(":", 1)
     if len(parts) == 1:
-        module, obj = module, "application"
+        obj = "application"
     else:
         module, obj = parts[0], parts[1]
 
     try:
-        __import__(module)
+        mod = importlib.import_module(module)
     except ImportError:
         if module.endswith(".py") and os.path.exists(module):
             msg = "Failed to find application, did you mean '%s:%s'?"
             raise ImportError(msg % (module.rsplit(".", 1)[0], obj))
-        else:
+        raise
-            raise
 
-    mod = sys.modules[module]
+    # Parse obj as a single expression to determine if it's a valid
+    # attribute name or function call.
+    try:
+        expression = ast.parse(obj, mode="eval").body
+    except SyntaxError:
+        raise AppImportError(
+            "Failed to parse %r as an attribute name or function call." % obj
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(expression, ast.Name):
+        name = expression.id
+        args = kwargs = None
+    elif isinstance(expression, ast.Call):
+        # Ensure the function name is an attribute name only.
+        if not isinstance(expression.func, ast.Name):
+            raise AppImportError("Function reference must be a simple name: %r" % obj)
+
+        name = expression.func.id
+
+        # Parse the positional and keyword arguments as literals.
+        try:
+            args = [ast.literal_eval(arg) for arg in expression.args]
+            kwargs = {kw.arg: ast.literal_eval(kw.value) for kw in expression.keywords}
+        except ValueError:
+            # literal_eval gives cryptic error messages, show a generic
+            # message with the full expression instead.
+            raise AppImportError(
+                "Failed to parse arguments as literal values: %r" % obj
+            )
+    else:
+        raise AppImportError(
+            "Failed to parse %r as an attribute name or function call." % obj
+        )
 
     is_debug = logging.root.level == logging.DEBUG
     try:
-        app = eval(obj, vars(mod))
+        app = getattr(mod, name)
-    except NameError:
+    except AttributeError:
         if is_debug:
             traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
-        raise AppImportError("Failed to find application object %r in %r" % (obj, module))
+        raise AppImportError("Failed to find attribute %r in %r." % (name, module))
+
+    # If the expression was a function call, call the retrieved object
+    # to get the real application.
+    if args is not None:
+        try:
+            app = app(*args, **kwargs)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            # If the TypeError was due to bad arguments to the factory
+            # function, show Python's nice error message without a
+            # traceback.
+            if _called_with_wrong_args(app):
+                raise AppImportError(
+                    "".join(traceback.format_exception_only(TypeError, e)).strip()
+                )
+
+            # Otherwise it was raised from within the function, show the
+            # full traceback.
+            raise
 
     if app is None:
         raise AppImportError("Failed to find application object: %r" % obj)
@@ -397,7 +440,7 @@ def getcwd():
             cwd = os.environ['PWD']
         else:
             cwd = os.getcwd()
-    except:
+    except Exception:
         cwd = os.getcwd()
     return cwd
 
@@ -443,7 +486,10 @@ def daemonize(enable_stdio_inheritance=False):
             closerange(0, 3)
 
             fd_null = os.open(REDIRECT_TO, os.O_RDWR)
+            # PEP 446, make fd for /dev/null inheritable
+            os.set_inheritable(fd_null, True)
 
+            # expect fd_null to be always 0 here, but in-case not ...
             if fd_null != 0:
                 os.dup2(fd_null, 0)
 
@@ -521,6 +567,7 @@ def to_bytestring(value, encoding="utf8"):
 
     return value.encode(encoding)
 
+
 def has_fileno(obj):
     if not hasattr(obj, "fileno"):
         return False

gunicorn/workers/__init__.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 SUPPORTED_WORKERS = {
     "sync": "gunicorn.workers.sync.SyncWorker",
     "eventlet": "gunicorn.workers.geventlet.EventletWorker",
-    "gaiohttp": "gunicorn.workers.gaiohttp.AiohttpWorker",
     "gevent": "gunicorn.workers.ggevent.GeventWorker",
     "gevent_wsgi": "gunicorn.workers.ggevent.GeventPyWSGIWorker",
     "gevent_pywsgi": "gunicorn.workers.ggevent.GeventPyWSGIWorker",

gunicorn/workers/_gaiohttp.py

@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -
-#
-# This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
-# See the NOTICE for more information.
-
-import asyncio
-import datetime
-import functools
-import logging
-import os
-
-try:
-    import ssl
-except ImportError:
-    ssl = None
-
-import gunicorn.workers.base as base
-
-from aiohttp.wsgi import WSGIServerHttpProtocol as OldWSGIServerHttpProtocol
-
-
-class WSGIServerHttpProtocol(OldWSGIServerHttpProtocol):
-    def log_access(self, request, environ, response, time):
-        self.logger.access(response, request, environ, datetime.timedelta(0, 0, time))
-
-
-class AiohttpWorker(base.Worker):
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):  # pragma: no cover
-        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
-        cfg = self.cfg
-        if cfg.is_ssl:
-            self.ssl_context = self._create_ssl_context(cfg)
-        else:
-            self.ssl_context = None
-        self.servers = []
-        self.connections = {}
-
-    def init_process(self):
-        # create new event_loop after fork
-        asyncio.get_event_loop().close()
-
-        self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-        asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
-
-        super().init_process()
-
-    def run(self):
-        self._runner = asyncio.ensure_future(self._run(), loop=self.loop)
-
-        try:
-            self.loop.run_until_complete(self._runner)
-        finally:
-            self.loop.close()
-
-    def wrap_protocol(self, proto):
-        proto.connection_made = _wrp(
-            proto, proto.connection_made, self.connections)
-        proto.connection_lost = _wrp(
-            proto, proto.connection_lost, self.connections, False)
-        return proto
-
-    def factory(self, wsgi, addr):
-        # are we in debug level
-        is_debug = self.log.loglevel == logging.DEBUG
-
-        proto = WSGIServerHttpProtocol(
-            wsgi, readpayload=True,
-            loop=self.loop,
-            log=self.log,
-            debug=is_debug,
-            keep_alive=self.cfg.keepalive,
-            access_log=self.log.access_log,
-            access_log_format=self.cfg.access_log_format)
-        return self.wrap_protocol(proto)
-
-    def get_factory(self, sock, addr):
-        return functools.partial(self.factory, self.wsgi, addr)
-
-    @asyncio.coroutine
-    def close(self):
-        try:
-            if hasattr(self.wsgi, 'close'):
-                yield from self.wsgi.close()
-        except:
-            self.log.exception('Process shutdown exception')
-
-    @asyncio.coroutine
-    def _run(self):
-        for sock in self.sockets:
-            factory = self.get_factory(sock.sock, sock.cfg_addr)
-            self.servers.append(
-                (yield from self._create_server(factory, sock)))
-
-        # If our parent changed then we shut down.
-        pid = os.getpid()
-        try:
-            while self.alive or self.connections:
-                self.notify()
-
-                if (self.alive and
-                        pid == os.getpid() and self.ppid != os.getppid()):
-                    self.log.info("Parent changed, shutting down: %s", self)
-                    self.alive = False
-
-                # stop accepting requests
-                if not self.alive:
-                    if self.servers:
-                        self.log.info(
-                            "Stopping server: %s, connections: %s",
-                            pid, len(self.connections))
-                        for server in self.servers:
-                            server.close()
-                        self.servers.clear()
-
-                    # prepare connections for closing
-                    for conn in self.connections.values():
-                        if hasattr(conn, 'closing'):
-                            conn.closing()
-
-                yield from asyncio.sleep(1.0, loop=self.loop)
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            pass
-
-        if self.servers:
-            for server in self.servers:
-                server.close()
-
-        yield from self.close()
-
-    @asyncio.coroutine
-    def _create_server(self, factory, sock):
-        return self.loop.create_server(factory, sock=sock.sock,
-                                       ssl=self.ssl_context)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _create_ssl_context(cfg):
-        """ Creates SSLContext instance for usage in asyncio.create_server.
-
-        See ssl.SSLSocket.__init__ for more details.
-        """
-        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(cfg.ssl_version)
-        ctx.load_cert_chain(cfg.certfile, cfg.keyfile)
-        ctx.verify_mode = cfg.cert_reqs
-        if cfg.ca_certs:
-            ctx.load_verify_locations(cfg.ca_certs)
-        if cfg.ciphers:
-            ctx.set_ciphers(cfg.ciphers)
-        return ctx
-
-
-class _wrp:
-
-    def __init__(self, proto, meth, tracking, add=True):
-        self._proto = proto
-        self._id = id(proto)
-        self._meth = meth
-        self._tracking = tracking
-        self._add = add
-
-    def __call__(self, *args):
-        if self._add:
-            self._tracking[self._id] = self._proto
-        elif self._id in self._tracking:
-            del self._tracking[self._id]
-
-        conn = self._meth(*args)
-        return conn

gunicorn/workers/base.py

@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ from gunicorn.workers.workertmp import WorkerTmp
 
 class Worker(object):
 
-    SIGNALS = [getattr(signal, "SIG%s" % x)
+    SIGNALS = [getattr(signal, "SIG%s" % x) for x in (
-            for x in "ABRT HUP QUIT INT TERM USR1 USR2 WINCH CHLD".split()]
+        "ABRT HUP QUIT INT TERM USR1 USR2 WINCH CHLD".split()
+    )]
 
     PIPE = []
 
@@ -51,8 +52,13 @@ class Worker(object):
         self.reloader = None
 
         self.nr = 0
-        jitter = randint(0, cfg.max_requests_jitter)
+
-        self.max_requests = cfg.max_requests + jitter or sys.maxsize
+        if cfg.max_requests > 0:
+            jitter = randint(0, cfg.max_requests_jitter)
+            self.max_requests = cfg.max_requests + jitter
+        else:
+            self.max_requests = sys.maxsize
+
         self.alive = True
         self.log = log
         self.tmp = WorkerTmp(cfg)
@@ -80,8 +86,7 @@ class Worker(object):
         """\
         If you override this method in a subclass, the last statement
         in the function should be to call this method with
-        super(MyWorkerClass, self).init_process() so that the ``run()``
+        super().init_process() so that the ``run()`` loop is initiated.
-        loop is initiated.
         """
 
         # set environment' variables
@@ -117,6 +122,7 @@ class Worker(object):
             def changed(fname):
                 self.log.info("Worker reloading: %s modified", fname)
                 self.alive = False
+                os.write(self.PIPE[1], b"1")
                 self.cfg.worker_int(self)
                 time.sleep(0.1)
                 sys.exit(0)
@@ -124,9 +130,11 @@ class Worker(object):
             reloader_cls = reloader_engines[self.cfg.reload_engine]
             self.reloader = reloader_cls(extra_files=self.cfg.reload_extra_files,
                                          callback=changed)
-            self.reloader.start()
 
         self.load_wsgi()
+        if self.reloader:
+            self.reloader.start()
+
         self.cfg.post_worker_init(self)
 
         # Enter main run loop
@@ -197,12 +205,14 @@ class Worker(object):
     def handle_error(self, req, client, addr, exc):
         request_start = datetime.now()
         addr = addr or ('', -1)  # unix socket case
-        if isinstance(exc, (InvalidRequestLine, InvalidRequestMethod,
+        if isinstance(exc, (
-                InvalidHTTPVersion, InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderName,
+            InvalidRequestLine, InvalidRequestMethod,
-                LimitRequestLine, LimitRequestHeaders,
+            InvalidHTTPVersion, InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderName,
-                InvalidProxyLine, ForbiddenProxyRequest,
+            LimitRequestLine, LimitRequestHeaders,
-                InvalidSchemeHeaders,
+            InvalidProxyLine, ForbiddenProxyRequest,
-                SSLError)):
+            InvalidSchemeHeaders,
+            SSLError,
+        )):
 
             status_int = 400
             reason = "Bad Request"
@@ -220,7 +230,9 @@ class Worker(object):
             elif isinstance(exc, LimitRequestLine):
                 mesg = "%s" % str(exc)
             elif isinstance(exc, LimitRequestHeaders):
+                reason = "Request Header Fields Too Large"
                 mesg = "Error parsing headers: '%s'" % str(exc)
+                status_int = 431
             elif isinstance(exc, InvalidProxyLine):
                 mesg = "'%s'" % str(exc)
             elif isinstance(exc, ForbiddenProxyRequest):
@@ -235,7 +247,7 @@ class Worker(object):
                 status_int = 403
 
             msg = "Invalid request from ip={ip}: {error}"
-            self.log.debug(msg.format(ip=addr[0], error=str(exc)))
+            self.log.warning(msg.format(ip=addr[0], error=str(exc)))
         else:
             if hasattr(req, "uri"):
                 self.log.exception("Error handling request %s", req.uri)
@@ -255,7 +267,7 @@ class Worker(object):
 
         try:
             util.write_error(client, status_int, reason, mesg)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.log.debug("Failed to send error message.")
 
     def handle_winch(self, sig, fname):

gunicorn/workers/base_async.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ALREADY_HANDLED = object()
 class AsyncWorker(base.Worker):
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(AsyncWorker, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.worker_connections = self.cfg.worker_connections
 
     def timeout_ctx(self):
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AsyncWorker(base.Worker):
     def handle(self, listener, client, addr):
         req = None
         try:
-            parser = http.RequestParser(self.cfg, client)
+            parser = http.RequestParser(self.cfg, client, addr)
             try:
                 listener_name = listener.getsockname()
                 if not self.cfg.keepalive:
@@ -73,11 +73,13 @@ class AsyncWorker(base.Worker):
                 self.log.debug("Error processing SSL request.")
                 self.handle_error(req, client, addr, e)
         except EnvironmentError as e:
-            if e.errno not in (errno.EPIPE, errno.ECONNRESET):
+            if e.errno not in (errno.EPIPE, errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ENOTCONN):
                 self.log.exception("Socket error processing request.")
             else:
                 if e.errno == errno.ECONNRESET:
                     self.log.debug("Ignoring connection reset")
+                elif e.errno == errno.ENOTCONN:
+                    self.log.debug("Ignoring socket not connected")
                 else:
                     self.log.debug("Ignoring EPIPE")
         except Exception as e:
@@ -92,15 +94,15 @@ class AsyncWorker(base.Worker):
         try:
             self.cfg.pre_request(self, req)
             resp, environ = wsgi.create(req, sock, addr,
-                    listener_name, self.cfg)
+                                        listener_name, self.cfg)
             environ["wsgi.multithread"] = True
             self.nr += 1
-            if self.alive and self.nr >= self.max_requests:
+            if self.nr >= self.max_requests:
-                self.log.info("Autorestarting worker after current request.")
+                if self.alive:
-                resp.force_close()
+                    self.log.info("Autorestarting worker after current request.")
-                self.alive = False
+                    self.alive = False
 
-            if not self.cfg.keepalive:
+            if not self.alive or not self.cfg.keepalive:
                 resp.force_close()
 
             respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response)

gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.py

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -
-#
-# This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
-# See the NOTICE for more information.
-
-from gunicorn import util
-
-try:
-    import aiohttp  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-except ImportError:
-    raise RuntimeError("You need aiohttp installed to use this worker.")
-else:
-    try:
-        from aiohttp.worker import GunicornWebWorker as AiohttpWorker
-    except ImportError:
-        from gunicorn.workers._gaiohttp import AiohttpWorker
-
-    util.warn(
-        "The 'gaiohttp' worker is deprecated. See --worker-class "
-        "documentation for more information."
-    )
-    __all__ = ['AiohttpWorker']

gunicorn/workers/geventlet.py

@@ -4,37 +4,66 @@
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
 
 from functools import partial
-import errno
-import os
 import sys
 
 try:
     import eventlet
 except ImportError:
-    raise RuntimeError("You need eventlet installed to use this worker.")
+    raise RuntimeError("eventlet worker requires eventlet 0.24.1 or higher")
-
+else:
-# validate the eventlet version
+    from pkg_resources import parse_version
-if eventlet.version_info < (0, 9, 7):
+    if parse_version(eventlet.__version__) < parse_version('0.24.1'):
-    raise RuntimeError("You need eventlet >= 0.9.7")
+        raise RuntimeError("eventlet worker requires eventlet 0.24.1 or higher")
-
 
 from eventlet import hubs, greenthread
 from eventlet.greenio import GreenSocket
-from eventlet.hubs import trampoline
+import eventlet.wsgi
-from eventlet.wsgi import ALREADY_HANDLED as EVENTLET_ALREADY_HANDLED
 import greenlet
 
 from gunicorn.workers.base_async import AsyncWorker
 
-def _eventlet_sendfile(fdout, fdin, offset, nbytes):
+# ALREADY_HANDLED is removed in 0.30.3+ now it's `WSGI_LOCAL.already_handled: bool`
-    while True:
+# https://github.com/eventlet/eventlet/pull/544
-        try:
+EVENTLET_WSGI_LOCAL = getattr(eventlet.wsgi, "WSGI_LOCAL", None)
-            return os.sendfile(fdout, fdin, offset, nbytes)
+EVENTLET_ALREADY_HANDLED = getattr(eventlet.wsgi, "ALREADY_HANDLED", None)
-        except OSError as e:
+
-            if e.args[0] == errno.EAGAIN:
+
-                trampoline(fdout, write=True)
+def _eventlet_socket_sendfile(self, file, offset=0, count=None):
-            else:
+    # Based on the implementation in gevent which in turn is slightly
-                raise
+    # modified from the standard library implementation.
+    if self.gettimeout() == 0:
+        raise ValueError("non-blocking sockets are not supported")
+    if offset:
+        file.seek(offset)
+    blocksize = min(count, 8192) if count else 8192
+    total_sent = 0
+    # localize variable access to minimize overhead
+    file_read = file.read
+    sock_send = self.send
+    try:
+        while True:
+            if count:
+                blocksize = min(count - total_sent, blocksize)
+                if blocksize <= 0:
+                    break
+            data = memoryview(file_read(blocksize))
+            if not data:
+                break  # EOF
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    sent = sock_send(data)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    total_sent += sent
+                    if sent < len(data):
+                        data = data[sent:]
+                    else:
+                        break
+        return total_sent
+    finally:
+        if total_sent > 0 and hasattr(file, 'seek'):
+            file.seek(offset + total_sent)
 
 
 def _eventlet_serve(sock, handle, concurrency):
@@ -79,31 +108,44 @@ def _eventlet_stop(client, server, conn):
 
 
 def patch_sendfile():
-    setattr(os, "sendfile", _eventlet_sendfile)
+    # As of eventlet 0.25.1, GreenSocket.sendfile doesn't exist,
+    # meaning the native implementations of socket.sendfile will be used.
+    # If os.sendfile exists, it will attempt to use that, failing explicitly
+    # if the socket is in non-blocking mode, which the underlying
+    # socket object /is/. Even the regular _sendfile_use_send will
+    # fail in that way; plus, it would use the underlying socket.send which isn't
+    # properly cooperative. So we have to monkey-patch a working socket.sendfile()
+    # into GreenSocket; in this method, `self.send` will be the GreenSocket's
+    # send method which is properly cooperative.
+    if not hasattr(GreenSocket, 'sendfile'):
+        GreenSocket.sendfile = _eventlet_socket_sendfile
 
 
 class EventletWorker(AsyncWorker):
 
     def patch(self):
         hubs.use_hub()
-        eventlet.monkey_patch(os=False)
+        eventlet.monkey_patch()
         patch_sendfile()
 
     def is_already_handled(self, respiter):
+        # eventlet >= 0.30.3
+        if getattr(EVENTLET_WSGI_LOCAL, "already_handled", None):
+            raise StopIteration()
+        # eventlet < 0.30.3
         if respiter == EVENTLET_ALREADY_HANDLED:
             raise StopIteration()
-        else:
+        return super().is_already_handled(respiter)
-            return super(EventletWorker, self).is_already_handled(respiter)
 
     def init_process(self):
-        super(EventletWorker, self).init_process()
         self.patch()
+        super().init_process()
 
     def handle_quit(self, sig, frame):
-        eventlet.spawn(super(EventletWorker, self).handle_quit, sig, frame)
+        eventlet.spawn(super().handle_quit, sig, frame)
 
     def handle_usr1(self, sig, frame):
-        eventlet.spawn(super(EventletWorker, self).handle_usr1, sig, frame)
+        eventlet.spawn(super().handle_usr1, sig, frame)
 
     def timeout_ctx(self):
         return eventlet.Timeout(self.cfg.keepalive or None, False)
@@ -113,7 +155,7 @@ class EventletWorker(AsyncWorker):
             client = eventlet.wrap_ssl(client, server_side=True,
                                        **self.cfg.ssl_options)
 
-        super(EventletWorker, self).handle(listener, client, addr)
+        super().handle(listener, client, addr)
 
     def run(self):
         acceptors = []

gunicorn/workers/ggevent.py

@@ -3,27 +3,24 @@
 # This file is part of gunicorn released under the MIT license.
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
 
-import errno
 import os
 import sys
 from datetime import datetime
 from functools import partial
 import time
 
-_socket = __import__("socket")
-
-# workaround on osx, disable kqueue
-if sys.platform == "darwin":
-    os.environ['EVENT_NOKQUEUE'] = "1"
-
 try:
     import gevent
 except ImportError:
-    raise RuntimeError("You need gevent installed to use this worker.")
+    raise RuntimeError("gevent worker requires gevent 1.4 or higher")
+else:
+    from pkg_resources import parse_version
+    if parse_version(gevent.__version__) < parse_version('1.4'):
+        raise RuntimeError("gevent worker requires gevent 1.4 or higher")
+
 from gevent.pool import Pool
 from gevent.server import StreamServer
-from gevent.socket import wait_write, socket
+from gevent import hub, monkey, socket, pywsgi
-from gevent import pywsgi
 
 import gunicorn
 from gunicorn.http.wsgi import base_environ
@@ -31,19 +28,6 @@ from gunicorn.workers.base_async import AsyncWorker
 
 VERSION = "gevent/%s gunicorn/%s" % (gevent.__version__, gunicorn.__version__)
 
-def _gevent_sendfile(fdout, fdin, offset, nbytes):
-    while True:
-        try:
-            return os.sendfile(fdout, fdin, offset, nbytes)
-        except OSError as e:
-            if e.args[0] == errno.EAGAIN:
-                wait_write(fdout)
-            else:
-                raise
-
-def patch_sendfile():
-    setattr(os, "sendfile", _gevent_sendfile)
-
 
 class GeventWorker(AsyncWorker):
 
@@ -51,27 +35,17 @@ class GeventWorker(AsyncWorker):
     wsgi_handler = None
 
     def patch(self):
-        from gevent import monkey
+        monkey.patch_all()
-        monkey.noisy = False
-
-        # if the new version is used make sure to patch subprocess
-        if gevent.version_info[0] == 0:
-            monkey.patch_all()
-        else:
-            monkey.patch_all(subprocess=True)
-
-        # monkey patch sendfile to make it none blocking
-        patch_sendfile()
 
         # patch sockets
         sockets = []
         for s in self.sockets:
-            sockets.append(socket(s.FAMILY, _socket.SOCK_STREAM,
+            sockets.append(socket.socket(s.FAMILY, socket.SOCK_STREAM,
-                fileno=s.sock.fileno()))
+                                         fileno=s.sock.fileno()))
         self.sockets = sockets
 
     def notify(self):
-        super(GeventWorker, self).notify()
+        super().notify()
         if self.ppid != os.getppid():
             self.log.info("Parent changed, shutting down: %s", self)
             sys.exit(0)
@@ -102,6 +76,8 @@ class GeventWorker(AsyncWorker):
             else:
                 hfun = partial(self.handle, s)
                 server = StreamServer(s, handle=hfun, spawn=pool, **ssl_args)
+                if self.cfg.workers > 1:
+                    server.max_accept = 1
 
             server.start()
             servers.append(server)
@@ -137,19 +113,18 @@ class GeventWorker(AsyncWorker):
             self.log.warning("Worker graceful timeout (pid:%s)" % self.pid)
             for server in servers:
                 server.stop(timeout=1)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
 
     def handle(self, listener, client, addr):
         # Connected socket timeout defaults to socket.getdefaulttimeout().
         # This forces to blocking mode.
         client.setblocking(1)
-        super(GeventWorker, self).handle(listener, client, addr)
+        super().handle(listener, client, addr)
 
     def handle_request(self, listener_name, req, sock, addr):
         try:
-            super(GeventWorker, self).handle_request(listener_name, req, sock,
+            super().handle_request(listener_name, req, sock, addr)
-                                                     addr)
         except gevent.GreenletExit:
             pass
         except SystemExit:
@@ -158,41 +133,17 @@ class GeventWorker(AsyncWorker):
     def handle_quit(self, sig, frame):
         # Move this out of the signal handler so we can use
         # blocking calls. See #1126
-        gevent.spawn(super(GeventWorker, self).handle_quit, sig, frame)
+        gevent.spawn(super().handle_quit, sig, frame)
 
     def handle_usr1(self, sig, frame):
         # Make the gevent workers handle the usr1 signal
         # by deferring to a new greenlet. See #1645
-        gevent.spawn(super(GeventWorker, self).handle_usr1, sig, frame)
+        gevent.spawn(super().handle_usr1, sig, frame)
 
-    if gevent.version_info[0] == 0:
+    def init_process(self):
-
+        self.patch()
-        def init_process(self):
+        hub.reinit()
-            # monkey patch here
+        super().init_process()
-            self.patch()
-
-            # reinit the hub
-            import gevent.core
-            gevent.core.reinit()
-
-            #gevent 0.13 and older doesn't reinitialize dns for us after forking
-            #here's the workaround
-            gevent.core.dns_shutdown(fail_requests=1)
-            gevent.core.dns_init()
-            super(GeventWorker, self).init_process()
-
-    else:
-
-        def init_process(self):
-            # monkey patch here
-            self.patch()
-
-            # reinit the hub
-            from gevent import hub
-            hub.reinit()
-
-            # then initialize the process
-            super(GeventWorker, self).init_process()
 
 
 class GeventResponse(object):
@@ -222,7 +173,7 @@ class PyWSGIHandler(pywsgi.WSGIHandler):
         self.server.log.access(resp, req_headers, self.environ, response_time)
 
     def get_environ(self):
-        env = super(PyWSGIHandler, self).get_environ()
+        env = super().get_environ()
         env['gunicorn.sock'] = self.socket
         env['RAW_URI'] = self.path
         return env

gunicorn/workers/gthread.py

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 # See the NOTICE for more information.
 
 # design:
-# a threaded worker accepts connections in the main loop, accepted
+# A threaded worker accepts connections in the main loop, accepted
-# connections are are added to the thread pool as a connection job. On
+# connections are added to the thread pool as a connection job.
-# keepalive connections are put back in the loop waiting for an event.
+# Keepalive connections are put back in the loop waiting for an event.
-# If no event happen after the keep alive timeout, the connectoin is
+# If no event happen after the keep alive timeout, the connection is
 # closed.
+# pylint: disable=no-else-break
 
+import concurrent.futures as futures
 import errno
 import os
 import selectors
@@ -27,13 +29,6 @@ from .. import http
 from .. import util
 from ..http import wsgi
 
-try:
-    import concurrent.futures as futures
-except ImportError:
-    raise RuntimeError("""
-    You need to install the 'futures' package to use this worker with this
-    Python version.
-    """)
 
 class TConn(object):
 
@@ -55,10 +50,10 @@ class TConn(object):
             # wrap the socket if needed
             if self.cfg.is_ssl:
                 self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.sock, server_side=True,
-                        **self.cfg.ssl_options)
+                                            **self.cfg.ssl_options)
 
             # initialize the parser
-            self.parser = http.RequestParser(self.cfg, self.sock)
+            self.parser = http.RequestParser(self.cfg, self.sock, self.client)
 
     def set_timeout(self):
         # set the timeout
@@ -71,7 +66,7 @@ class TConn(object):
 class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(ThreadWorker, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.worker_connections = self.cfg.worker_connections
         self.max_keepalived = self.cfg.worker_connections - self.cfg.threads
         # initialise the pool
@@ -88,13 +83,17 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
 
         if max_keepalived <= 0 and cfg.keepalive:
             log.warning("No keepalived connections can be handled. " +
-                    "Check the number of worker connections and threads.")
+                        "Check the number of worker connections and threads.")
 
     def init_process(self):
-        self.tpool = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=self.cfg.threads)
+        self.tpool = self.get_thread_pool()
         self.poller = selectors.DefaultSelector()
         self._lock = RLock()
-        super(ThreadWorker, self).init_process()
+        super().init_process()
+
+    def get_thread_pool(self):
+        """Override this method to customize how the thread pool is created"""
+        return futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=self.cfg.threads)
 
     def handle_quit(self, sig, frame):
         self.alive = False
@@ -124,8 +123,8 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
             # enqueue the job
             self.enqueue_req(conn)
         except EnvironmentError as e:
-            if e.errno not in (errno.EAGAIN,
+            if e.errno not in (errno.EAGAIN, errno.ECONNABORTED,
-                    errno.ECONNABORTED, errno.EWOULDBLOCK):
+                               errno.EWOULDBLOCK):
                 raise
 
     def reuse_connection(self, conn, client):
@@ -205,11 +204,11 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
 
                 # check (but do not wait) for finished requests
                 result = futures.wait(self.futures, timeout=0,
-                        return_when=futures.FIRST_COMPLETED)
+                                      return_when=futures.FIRST_COMPLETED)
             else:
                 # wait for a request to finish
                 result = futures.wait(self.futures, timeout=1.0,
-                        return_when=futures.FIRST_COMPLETED)
+                                      return_when=futures.FIRST_COMPLETED)
 
             # clean up finished requests
             for fut in result.done:
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
             if not self.is_parent_alive():
                 break
 
-            # hanle keepalive timeouts
+            # handle keepalive timeouts
             self.murder_keepalived()
 
         self.tpool.shutdown(False)
@@ -239,7 +238,7 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
             (keepalive, conn) = fs.result()
             # if the connection should be kept alived add it
             # to the eventloop and record it
-            if keepalive:
+            if keepalive and self.alive:
                 # flag the socket as non blocked
                 conn.sock.setblocking(False)
 
@@ -250,11 +249,11 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
 
                     # add the socket to the event loop
                     self.poller.register(conn.sock, selectors.EVENT_READ,
-                            partial(self.reuse_connection, conn))
+                                         partial(self.reuse_connection, conn))
             else:
                 self.nr_conns -= 1
                 conn.close()
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             # an exception happened, make sure to close the
             # socket.
             self.nr_conns -= 1
@@ -286,11 +285,13 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
                 self.handle_error(req, conn.sock, conn.client, e)
 
         except EnvironmentError as e:
-            if e.errno not in (errno.EPIPE, errno.ECONNRESET):
+            if e.errno not in (errno.EPIPE, errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ENOTCONN):
                 self.log.exception("Socket error processing request.")
             else:
                 if e.errno == errno.ECONNRESET:
                     self.log.debug("Ignoring connection reset")
+                elif e.errno == errno.ENOTCONN:
+                    self.log.debug("Ignoring socket not connected")
                 else:
                     self.log.debug("Ignoring connection epipe")
         except Exception as e:
@@ -305,15 +306,16 @@ class ThreadWorker(base.Worker):
             self.cfg.pre_request(self, req)
             request_start = datetime.now()
             resp, environ = wsgi.create(req, conn.sock, conn.client,
-                    conn.server, self.cfg)
+                                        conn.server, self.cfg)
             environ["wsgi.multithread"] = True
             self.nr += 1
-            if self.alive and self.nr >= self.max_requests:
+            if self.nr >= self.max_requests:
-                self.log.info("Autorestarting worker after current request.")
+                if self.alive:
+                    self.log.info("Autorestarting worker after current request.")
+                    self.alive = False
                 resp.force_close()
-                self.alive = False
 
-            if not self.cfg.keepalive:
+            if not self.alive or not self.cfg.keepalive:
                 resp.force_close()
             elif len(self._keep) >= self.max_keepalived:
                 resp.force_close()

gunicorn/workers/gtornado.py

@@ -19,9 +19,13 @@ from gunicorn.workers.base import Worker
 from gunicorn import __version__ as gversion
 
 
-# `io_loop` arguments to many Tornado functions have been removed in Tornado 5.0
+# Tornado 5.0 updated its IOLoop, and the `io_loop` arguments to many
-# <http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/releases/v5.0.0.html#backwards-compatibility-notes>
+# Tornado functions have been removed in Tornado 5.0. Also, they no
-IOLOOP_PARAMETER_REMOVED = tornado.version_info >= (5, 0, 0)
+# longer store PeriodCallbacks in ioloop._callbacks. Instead we store
+# them on our side, and use stop() on them when stopping the worker.
+# See https://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/releases/v5.0.0.html#backwards-compatibility-notes
+# for more details.
+TORNADO5 = tornado.version_info >= (5, 0, 0)
 
 
 class TornadoWorker(Worker):
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ class TornadoWorker(Worker):
 
     def handle_exit(self, sig, frame):
         if self.alive:
-            super(TornadoWorker, self).handle_exit(sig, frame)
+            super().handle_exit(sig, frame)
 
     def handle_request(self):
         self.nr += 1
@@ -66,8 +70,13 @@ class TornadoWorker(Worker):
                         pass
                 self.server_alive = False
             else:
-                if not self.ioloop._callbacks:
+                if TORNADO5:
+                    for callback in self.callbacks:
+                        callback.stop()
                     self.ioloop.stop()
+                else:
+                    if not self.ioloop._callbacks:
+                        self.ioloop.stop()
 
     def init_process(self):
         # IOLoop cannot survive a fork or be shared across processes
@@ -75,15 +84,19 @@ class TornadoWorker(Worker):
         # should create its own IOLoop. We should clear current IOLoop
         # if exists before os.fork.
         IOLoop.clear_current()
-        super(TornadoWorker, self).init_process()
+        super().init_process()
 
     def run(self):
         self.ioloop = IOLoop.instance()
         self.alive = True
         self.server_alive = False
-        if IOLOOP_PARAMETER_REMOVED:
+
-            PeriodicCallback(self.watchdog, 1000).start()
+        if TORNADO5:
-            PeriodicCallback(self.heartbeat, 1000).start()
+            self.callbacks = []
+            self.callbacks.append(PeriodicCallback(self.watchdog, 1000))
+            self.callbacks.append(PeriodicCallback(self.heartbeat, 1000))
+            for callback in self.callbacks:
+                callback.start()
         else:
             PeriodicCallback(self.watchdog, 1000, io_loop=self.ioloop).start()
             PeriodicCallback(self.heartbeat, 1000, io_loop=self.ioloop).start()
@@ -92,8 +105,12 @@ class TornadoWorker(Worker):
         # instance of tornado.web.Application or is an
         # instance of tornado.wsgi.WSGIApplication
         app = self.wsgi
-        if not isinstance(app, tornado.web.Application) or \
+
-           isinstance(app, tornado.wsgi.WSGIApplication):
+        if tornado.version_info[0] < 6:
+            if not isinstance(app, tornado.web.Application) or \
+                    isinstance(app, tornado.wsgi.WSGIApplication):
+                app = WSGIContainer(app)
+        elif not isinstance(app, WSGIContainer):
             app = WSGIContainer(app)
 
         # Monkey-patching HTTPConnection.finish to count the
@@ -127,13 +144,13 @@ class TornadoWorker(Worker):
             # options
             del _ssl_opt["do_handshake_on_connect"]
             del _ssl_opt["suppress_ragged_eofs"]
-            if IOLOOP_PARAMETER_REMOVED:
+            if TORNADO5:
                 server = server_class(app, ssl_options=_ssl_opt)
             else:
                 server = server_class(app, io_loop=self.ioloop,
                                       ssl_options=_ssl_opt)
         else:
-            if IOLOOP_PARAMETER_REMOVED:
+            if TORNADO5:
                 server = server_class(app)
             else:
                 server = server_class(app, io_loop=self.ioloop)

gunicorn/workers/sync.py

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import gunicorn.http.wsgi as wsgi
 import gunicorn.util as util
 import gunicorn.workers.base as base
 
+
 class StopWaiting(Exception):
-    """ exception raised to stop waiting for a connnection """
+    """ exception raised to stop waiting for a connection """
+
 
 class SyncWorker(base.Worker):
 
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ class SyncWorker(base.Worker):
 
             except EnvironmentError as e:
                 if e.errno not in (errno.EAGAIN, errno.ECONNABORTED,
-                        errno.EWOULDBLOCK):
+                                   errno.EWOULDBLOCK):
                     raise
 
             if not self.is_parent_alive():
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ class SyncWorker(base.Worker):
                         self.accept(listener)
                     except EnvironmentError as e:
                         if e.errno not in (errno.EAGAIN, errno.ECONNABORTED,
-                                errno.EWOULDBLOCK):
+                                           errno.EWOULDBLOCK):
                             raise
 
             if not self.is_parent_alive():
@@ -127,9 +129,9 @@ class SyncWorker(base.Worker):
         try:
             if self.cfg.is_ssl:
                 client = ssl.wrap_socket(client, server_side=True,
-                    **self.cfg.ssl_options)
+                                         **self.cfg.ssl_options)
 
-            parser = http.RequestParser(self.cfg, client)
+            parser = http.RequestParser(self.cfg, client, addr)
             req = next(parser)
             self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr)
         except http.errors.NoMoreData as e:
@@ -144,11 +146,13 @@ class SyncWorker(base.Worker):
                 self.log.debug("Error processing SSL request.")
                 self.handle_error(req, client, addr, e)
         except EnvironmentError as e:
-            if e.errno not in (errno.EPIPE, errno.ECONNRESET):
+            if e.errno not in (errno.EPIPE, errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ENOTCONN):
                 self.log.exception("Socket error processing request.")
             else:
                 if e.errno == errno.ECONNRESET:
                     self.log.debug("Ignoring connection reset")
+                elif e.errno == errno.ENOTCONN:
+                    self.log.debug("Ignoring socket not connected")
                 else:
                     self.log.debug("Ignoring EPIPE")
         except Exception as e:
@@ -163,7 +167,7 @@ class SyncWorker(base.Worker):
             self.cfg.pre_request(self, req)
             request_start = datetime.now()
             resp, environ = wsgi.create(req, client, addr,
-                    listener.getsockname(), self.cfg)
+                                        listener.getsockname(), self.cfg)
             # Force the connection closed until someone shows
             # a buffering proxy that supports Keep-Alive to
             # the backend.

gunicorn/workers/workertmp.py

@@ -21,17 +21,21 @@ class WorkerTmp(object):
         if fdir and not os.path.isdir(fdir):
             raise RuntimeError("%s doesn't exist. Can't create workertmp." % fdir)
         fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="wgunicorn-", dir=fdir)
-
-        # allows the process to write to the file
-        util.chown(name, cfg.uid, cfg.gid)
         os.umask(old_umask)
 
-        # unlink the file so we don't leak tempory files
+        # change the owner and group of the file if the worker will run as
+        # a different user or group, so that the worker can modify the file
+        if cfg.uid != os.geteuid() or cfg.gid != os.getegid():
+            util.chown(name, cfg.uid, cfg.gid)
+
+        # unlink the file so we don't leak temporary files
         try:
             if not IS_CYGWIN:
                 util.unlink(name)
-            self._tmp = os.fdopen(fd, 'w+b', 1)
+            # In Python 3.8, open() emits RuntimeWarning if buffering=1 for binary mode.
-        except:
+            # Because we never write to this file, pass 0 to switch buffering off.
+            self._tmp = os.fdopen(fd, 'w+b', 0)
+        except Exception:
             os.close(fd)
             raise
 

requirements_test.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 aiohttp
-coverage>=4.0,<4.4  # TODO: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/1548
+gevent
+eventlet
+coverage
 pytest
-pytest-cov==2.5.1
+pytest-cov

rpm/install

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-%{__python} setup.py install --skip-build --root=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT
-
-# Build the HTML documentation using the default theme.
-%{__python} setup.py build_sphinx
-
-%if ! (0%{?fedora} > 12 || 0%{?rhel} > 5)
-%{!?python_sitelib: %global python_sitelib %(%{__python} -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib())")}
-%{!?python_sitearch: %global python_sitearch %(%{__python} -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib(1))")}
-%endif
-
-INSTALLED_FILES="\
-%{python_sitelib}/*
-%{_bindir}/*
-%doc LICENSE NOTICE README.rst THANKS build/sphinx/html examples/example_config.py
-"
-echo "$INSTALLED_FILES" > INSTALLED_FILES

setup.cfg

@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
-[bdist_rpm]
-build-requires = python2-devel python-setuptools python-sphinx
-requires = python-setuptools >= 0.6c6 python-ctypes
-install_script = rpm/install
-group = System Environment/Daemons
-
 [tool:pytest]
 norecursedirs = examples lib local src
 testpaths = tests/
 addopts = --assert=plain --cov=gunicorn --cov-report=xml
 
-[wheel]
-universal = 1
-
 [metadata]
 license_file = LICENSE

setup.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from gunicorn import __version__
 
 
 CLASSIFIERS = [
-    'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
+    'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
     'Environment :: Other Environment',
     'Intended Audience :: Developers',
     'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
@@ -21,11 +21,16 @@ CLASSIFIERS = [
     'Operating System :: POSIX',
     'Programming Language :: Python',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
     'Topic :: Internet',
     'Topic :: Utilities',
     'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
@@ -65,11 +70,20 @@ class PyTestCommand(TestCommand):
         sys.exit(errno)
 
 
-extra_require = {
+install_requires = [
-    'gevent':  ['gevent>=0.13'],
+    # We depend on functioning pkg_resources.working_set.add_entry() and
-    'eventlet': ['eventlet>=0.9.7'],
+    # pkg_resources.load_entry_point(). These both work as of 3.0 which
+    # is the first version to support Python 3.4 which we require as a
+    # floor.
+    'setuptools>=3.0',
+]
+
+extras_require = {
+    'gevent':  ['gevent>=1.4.0'],
+    'eventlet': ['eventlet>=0.24.1'],
     'tornado': ['tornado>=0.2'],
     'gthread': [],
+    'setproctitle': ['setproctitle'],
 }
 
 setup(
@@ -79,11 +93,18 @@ setup(
     description='WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX',
     long_description=long_description,
     author='Benoit Chesneau',
-    author_email='benoitc@e-engura.com',
+    author_email='benoitc@gunicorn.org',
     license='MIT',
-    url='http://gunicorn.org',
+    url='https://gunicorn.org',
+    project_urls={
+        'Documentation': 'https://docs.gunicorn.org',
+        'Homepage': 'https://gunicorn.org',
+        'Issue tracker': 'https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues',
+        'Source code': 'https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn',
+    },
 
-    python_requires='>=3.4',
+    python_requires='>=3.5',
+    install_requires=install_requires,
     classifiers=CLASSIFIERS,
     zip_safe=False,
     packages=find_packages(exclude=['examples', 'tests']),
@@ -95,10 +116,9 @@ setup(
     entry_points="""
     [console_scripts]
     gunicorn=gunicorn.app.wsgiapp:run
-    gunicorn_paster=gunicorn.app.pasterapp:run
 
     [paste.server_runner]
-    main=gunicorn.app.pasterapp:paste_server
+    main=gunicorn.app.pasterapp:serve
     """,
-    extras_require=extra_require,
+    extras_require=extras_require,
 )

tests/config/test_cfg_with_wsgi_app.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+wsgi_app = "app1:app1"

tests/requests/invalid/020.http

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+GET /stuff/here?foo=bar HTTP/1.1\r\n
+Content-Length : 3\r\n
+\r\n
+xyz

tests/requests/invalid/020.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from gunicorn.config import Config
+from gunicorn.http.errors import InvalidHeaderName
+
+cfg = Config()
+request = InvalidHeaderName

tests/requests/invalid/021.http

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+GET /stuff/here?foo=bar HTTP/1.1\r\n
+Content-Length: 3\r\n
+Content-Length: 2\r\n
+\r\n
+xyz

tests/requests/invalid/021.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from gunicorn.config import Config
+from gunicorn.http.errors import InvalidHeader
+
+cfg = Config()
+request = InvalidHeader

tests/requests/valid/028.http

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+GET /stuff/here?foo=bar HTTP/1.1\r\n
+Content-Length : 3\r\n
+\r\n
+xyz

tests/requests/valid/028.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from gunicorn.config import Config
+
+cfg = Config()
+cfg.set("strip_header_spaces", True)
+
+request = {
+    "method": "GET",
+    "uri": uri("/stuff/here?foo=bar"),
+    "version": (1, 1),
+    "headers": [
+        ("CONTENT-LENGTH", "3"),
+    ],
+    "body": b"xyz"
+}

tests/requests/valid/029.http

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+GET /stuff/here?foo=bar HTTP/1.1\r\n
+Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n
+Transfer-Encoding: identity\r\n
+\r\n
+5\r\n
+hello\r\n
+000\r\n

tests/requests/valid/029.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from gunicorn.config import Config
+
+cfg = Config()
+
+request = {
+    "method": "GET",
+    "uri": uri("/stuff/here?foo=bar"),
+    "version": (1, 1),
+    "headers": [
+        ('TRANSFER-ENCODING', 'chunked'),
+        ('TRANSFER-ENCODING', 'identity')
+    ],
+    "body": b"hello"
+}

tests/requests/valid/030.http

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+GET /stuff/here?foo=bar HTTP/1.1\r\n
+Transfer-Encoding: identity\r\n
+Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n
+\r\n
+5\r\n
+hello\r\n
+000\r\n

tests/requests/valid/030.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from gunicorn.config import Config
+
+cfg = Config()
+
+request = {
+    "method": "GET",
+    "uri": uri("/stuff/here?foo=bar"),
+    "version": (1, 1),
+    "headers": [
+        ('TRANSFER-ENCODING', 'identity'),
+        ('TRANSFER-ENCODING', 'chunked')
+    ],
+    "body": b"hello"
+}

tests/support.py

@@ -7,19 +7,32 @@ from wsgiref.validate import validator
 HOST = "127.0.0.1"
 
 
-@validator
+def create_app(name="World", count=1):
-def app(environ, start_response):
+    message = (('Hello, %s!\n' % name) * count).encode("utf8")
-    """Simplest possible application object"""
+    length = str(len(message))
 
-    data = b'Hello, World!\n'
+    @validator
-    status = '200 OK'
+    def app(environ, start_response):
+        """Simplest possible application object"""
 
-    response_headers = [
+        status = '200 OK'
-        ('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
+
-        ('Content-Length', str(len(data))),
+        response_headers = [
-    ]
+            ('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
-    start_response(status, response_headers)
+            ('Content-Length', length),
-    return iter([data])
+        ]
+        start_response(status, response_headers)
+        return iter([message])
+
+    return app
+
+
+app = application = create_app()
+none_app = None
+
+
+def error_factory():
+    raise TypeError("inner")
 
 
 def requires_mac_ver(*min_version):
@@ -48,18 +61,3 @@ def requires_mac_ver(*min_version):
         wrapper.min_version = min_version
         return wrapper
     return decorator
-
-try:
-    from types import SimpleNamespace  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-except ImportError:
-    class SimpleNamespace(object):
-        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-            vars(self).update(kwargs)
-
-        def __repr__(self):
-            keys = sorted(vars(self))
-            items = ("{}={!r}".format(k, vars(self)[k]) for k in keys)
-            return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, ", ".join(items))
-
-        def __eq__(self, other):
-            return vars(self) == vars(other)

tests/t.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class request(object):
     def __call__(self, func):
         def run():
             src = data_source(self.fname)
-            func(src, RequestParser(src, None))
+            func(src, RequestParser(src, None, None))
         run.func_name = func.func_name
         return run