github: Add discussions-first triage workflow

Redirect issue creation to GitHub Discussions for proper triage:
- Disable blank issues, redirect to discussion categories
- Add structured discussion templates for bugs, features, questions
- Add preapproved issue template for maintainer use only
- Update CONTRIBUTING.md to reflect new workflow

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+title: "[Bug] "
+labels:
+  - bug
+  - triage
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to report a bug!
+
+        Before submitting, please:
+        - Search [existing discussions](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions) and [issues](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues) for duplicates
+        - Check the [FAQ](https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/faq.html) and [documentation](https://docs.gunicorn.org/)
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Bug Description
+      description: A clear description of what the bug is
+      placeholder: What happened? What did you expect to happen?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: reproduce
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to Reproduce
+      description: Minimal steps to reproduce the behavior
+      placeholder: |
+        1. Create a simple app with...
+        2. Run gunicorn with...
+        3. Send request...
+        4. See error...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: config
+    attributes:
+      label: Configuration
+      description: Your gunicorn configuration (command line or config file)
+      render: bash
+      placeholder: |
+        gunicorn --workers 4 --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 myapp:app
+
+        # Or config file contents
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Logs / Error Output
+      description: Relevant logs or error messages (use --log-level debug for more detail)
+      render: text
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: input
+    id: gunicorn-version
+    attributes:
+      label: Gunicorn Version
+      description: Output of `gunicorn --version`
+      placeholder: gunicorn 24.0.0
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: python-version
+    attributes:
+      label: Python Version
+      description: Output of `python --version`
+      placeholder: Python 3.12.0
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: worker-class
+    attributes:
+      label: Worker Class
+      description: Which worker type are you using?
+      options:
+        - sync (default)
+        - gthread
+        - gevent
+        - eventlet
+        - tornado
+        - asgi (beta)
+        - custom
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: os
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating System
+      description: Your OS and version
+      placeholder: Ubuntu 22.04, macOS 14.0, etc.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional Context
+      description: Any other context about the problem (proxy setup, Docker, etc.)
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: checklist
+    attributes:
+      label: Checklist
+      options:
+        - label: I have searched existing discussions and issues for duplicates
+          required: true
+        - label: I have checked the documentation and FAQ
+          required: true
+        - label: I have included the minimal configuration to reproduce this issue
+          required: true

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+title: "[Feature] "
+labels:
+  - enhancement
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for suggesting a feature!
+
+        Before submitting, please:
+        - Search [existing discussions](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions) and [issues](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues) for similar requests
+        - Check if this is already possible with existing configuration
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: Problem Statement
+      description: What problem does this feature solve? What's the use case?
+      placeholder: I'm trying to... but currently...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: solution
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposed Solution
+      description: How would you like this to work?
+      placeholder: |
+        I'd like a new setting `--my-option` that...
+
+        Example usage:
+        gunicorn --my-option value myapp:app
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: alternatives
+    attributes:
+      label: Alternatives Considered
+      description: What other solutions have you considered or tried?
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: scope
+    attributes:
+      label: Feature Scope
+      description: What area does this feature affect?
+      options:
+        - Configuration / Settings
+        - Worker behavior
+        - HTTP handling
+        - Logging / Instrumentation
+        - Signals / Process management
+        - Documentation
+        - Other
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: contribution
+    attributes:
+      label: Contribution
+      options:
+        - label: I would be willing to contribute a PR for this feature
+          required: false
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: checklist
+    attributes:
+      label: Checklist
+      options:
+        - label: I have searched existing discussions and issues for similar requests
+          required: true

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/question.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+title: "[Question] "
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Have a question about Gunicorn?
+
+        Before asking, please check:
+        - [Documentation](https://docs.gunicorn.org/)
+        - [FAQ](https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/faq.html)
+        - [Settings Reference](https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/latest/settings.html)
+        - [Existing discussions](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions)
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: question
+    attributes:
+      label: Question
+      description: What would you like to know?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: Context
+      description: Any relevant context (your setup, what you've tried, etc.)
+      placeholder: |
+        I'm running gunicorn with...
+        I've tried...
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: config
+    attributes:
+      label: Configuration (if relevant)
+      description: Your gunicorn configuration
+      render: bash
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: checklist
+    attributes:
+      label: Checklist
+      options:
+        - label: I have checked the documentation and FAQ
+          required: true
+        - label: I have searched existing discussions
+          required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: Bug Report
+    url: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions/new?category=q-a
+    about: Report a bug or unexpected behavior (starts as a discussion for triage)
+  - name: Feature Request
+    url: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions/new?category=ideas
+    about: Suggest a new feature or improvement
+  - name: Question
+    url: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions/new?category=q-a
+    about: Ask a question about configuration, deployment, or usage

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/preapproved.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+name: Pre-Discussed and Approved Topics
+about: Only for topics already discussed and approved in GitHub Discussions
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+**Only for topics already discussed and approved in the GitHub Discussions section.**
+
+DO NOT OPEN A NEW ISSUE. PLEASE USE THE DISCUSSIONS SECTION.
+
+Link to approved discussion:
+
+---
+

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -21,24 +21,22 @@ to do everything for everybody. This means that we might decide against
 incorporating a new feature. However, there might be a way to implement
 that feature *on top of* Gunicorn.
 
-### Discuss your design on the mailing list
+### Start with a Discussion
 
-We recommend discussing your plans [on the mailing
+We use [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions)
-list](http://gunicorn.org/#community) before starting to code -
+as the starting point for all bug reports, feature requests, and questions.
-especially for more ambitious contributions.  This gives other
+This allows for proper triage before creating formal issues.
-contributors a chance to point you in the right direction, give feedback
-on your design, and maybe point out if someone else is working on the
-same thing.
 
-### Create issues...
+- **Bug reports**: Start in [Q&A](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions/categories/q-a)
+- **Feature requests**: Start in [Ideas](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions/categories/ideas)
+- **Questions**: Start in [Q&A](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/discussions/categories/q-a)
 
-Any significant improvement should be documented as [a github
+After discussion and triage, maintainers will create issues for confirmed
-issue](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues) before anybody starts
+bugs and approved features.
-working on it.
 
-### ...but check for existing issues first!
+### Check for existing discussions first!
 
-Please take a moment to check that an issue doesn't already exist
+Please take a moment to check that a discussion or issue doesn't already exist
 documenting your bug report or improvement proposal. If it does, it
 never hurts to add a quick "+1" or "I have this problem too". This will
 help prioritize the most common problems and requests.