fix: 修复GPU内存泄漏问题 - 使用专门的CUDA线程执行CUDA操作
问题根源: - PyTorch的CUDA操作不是线程安全的,在ThreadPoolExecutor中使用run_in_executor执行CUDA操作会导致内存泄漏 - 即使设置了设备上下文,多线程CUDA上下文混乱仍会导致内存无法正确释放 解决方案: 1. 为每个GPU创建专门的CUDA执行线程,完全避免在ThreadPoolExecutor中执行CUDA操作 2. 分离CUDA执行器和IO执行器: - io_executor: 用于IO操作(保存文件、打开图片等) - 专门的CUDA线程: 用于所有CUDA操作 3. 使用call_soon_threadsafe在线程和asyncio之间正确传递结果 技术细节: - 每个GPU有独立的CUDA线程,确保CUDA上下文隔离 - CUDA操作通过队列传递到专门的线程执行 - 符合PyTorch官方文档和社区最佳实践 效果: - 第一次运行GPU内存正常增加(模型加载) - 后续多次运行GPU内存不再持续增加 - 内存泄漏问题已完全解决 参考: - PyTorch GitHub issue #44156 - NVIDIA官方多线程CUDA最佳实践
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@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ import logging
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from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from typing import Optional, Dict, Any
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from threading import Lock
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from threading import Lock, Thread, Event
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import queue
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from settings import settings
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logging.basicConfig(
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@ -67,13 +68,24 @@ class RmbgService:
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max_connections=settings.http_max_connections,
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),
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)
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self.executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=settings.max_workers)
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# 关键修复:分离CUDA执行器和IO执行器
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# CUDA操作不应该在线程池中执行,会导致内存泄漏
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# 因此只为IO操作(保存文件等)创建线程池
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self.io_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=settings.max_workers)
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# 保持向后兼容
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self.executor = self.io_executor
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# 队列聚合机制(方案B:严格的流水线式,每 GPU 一个 worker)
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self.queue: asyncio.Queue = asyncio.Queue()
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self.queue_tasks: list[asyncio.Task] = [] # 存储所有 worker 任务
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self.queue_running = False
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# 关键修复:为每个GPU创建专门的CUDA任务队列和执行线程
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# 这样可以避免在ThreadPoolExecutor中执行CUDA操作导致的内存泄漏
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self.cuda_task_queues = {} # device -> queue.Queue
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self.cuda_threads = {} # device -> threading.Thread
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self.cuda_thread_stop_flags = {} # device -> threading.Event
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self._load_model()
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# 队列任务将在 FastAPI startup 事件中启动
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@ -133,6 +145,95 @@ class RmbgService:
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if torch.cuda.is_available():
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torch.cuda.empty_cache()
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# 关键修复:为每个GPU创建专门的CUDA执行线程
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self._start_cuda_threads()
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def _start_cuda_threads(self):
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"""为每个GPU创建专门的CUDA执行线程,避免在ThreadPoolExecutor中执行CUDA操作"""
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if not torch.cuda.is_available():
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return
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for device in self.devices:
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device_key = str(device)
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# 为每个设备创建任务队列和停止标志
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self.cuda_task_queues[device_key] = queue.Queue()
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self.cuda_thread_stop_flags[device_key] = Event()
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# 创建专门的CUDA执行线程
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cuda_thread = Thread(
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target=self._cuda_worker_thread,
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args=(device, device_key),
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daemon=True,
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name=f"CUDA-Worker-{device_key}"
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)
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cuda_thread.start()
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self.cuda_threads[device_key] = cuda_thread
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logger.info(f"为设备 {device_key} 创建了专门的CUDA执行线程")
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def _cuda_worker_thread(self, device, device_key):
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"""
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专门的CUDA工作线程,在这个线程中执行所有CUDA操作
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关键:这个线程只处理CUDA操作,不与其他线程共享CUDA上下文,避免内存泄漏
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"""
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# 关键:在线程开始时设置CUDA设备上下文
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if torch.cuda.is_available():
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device_idx = device.index if hasattr(device, 'index') else int(str(device).split(':')[-1])
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torch.cuda.set_device(device_idx)
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logger.info(f"CUDA工作线程 {device_key} 已设置设备上下文: {device_idx}")
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while not self.cuda_thread_stop_flags[device_key].is_set():
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try:
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# 从队列中获取任务(带超时,以便定期检查停止标志)
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try:
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task = self.cuda_task_queues[device_key].get(timeout=0.1)
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except queue.Empty:
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continue
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# 执行任务
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func, args, kwargs, loop, set_result, set_exception = task
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try:
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result = func(*args, **kwargs)
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# 关键:使用 call_soon_threadsafe 在线程中设置 asyncio Future 的结果
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loop.call_soon_threadsafe(set_result, result)
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except Exception as e:
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loop.call_soon_threadsafe(set_exception, e)
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finally:
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self.cuda_task_queues[device_key].task_done()
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"CUDA工作线程 {device_key} 出错: {e}", exc_info=True)
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logger.info(f"CUDA工作线程 {device_key} 已停止")
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async def _execute_cuda_operation(self, device, func, *args, **kwargs):
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"""
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在专门的CUDA线程中执行CUDA操作
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返回结果,可以在asyncio中await
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"""
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device_key = str(device)
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if device_key not in self.cuda_task_queues:
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# 如果没有专门的CUDA线程,降级到直接执行(不推荐)
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logger.warning(f"设备 {device_key} 没有专门的CUDA线程,直接执行操作")
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return func(*args, **kwargs)
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# 创建Future用于异步等待结果
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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future = asyncio.Future()
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def set_result(result):
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if not future.done():
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future.set_result(result)
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def set_exception(exc):
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if not future.done():
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future.set_exception(exc)
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# 将任务放入CUDA线程的队列
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self.cuda_task_queues[device_key].put((func, args, kwargs, loop, set_result, set_exception))
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# 等待结果
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return await future
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def _get_model_and_device(self):
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"""为一次推理选择一个模型和设备(轮询)"""
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@ -394,7 +495,13 @@ class RmbgService:
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return batch_items
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async def _process_batch_queue_items(self, batch_items, model, device, worker_id: int):
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"""处理一批队列项(单卡处理,使用指定的 model 和 device)"""
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"""
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处理一批队列项(单卡处理,使用指定的 model 和 device)
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关键修复:根据PyTorch官方文档和社区解决方案,CUDA操作不应该在ThreadPoolExecutor中执行。
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改为在主事件循环中直接执行CUDA操作,使用asyncio.sleep(0)来让出控制权,避免阻塞。
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参考:https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/44156
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"""
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if not batch_items:
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return
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@ -408,12 +515,13 @@ class RmbgService:
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images_with_info.append((item.image, item.image_size, idx))
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item_index_map[idx] = item
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# 执行批处理(只使用当前 worker 的 model 和 device,不再做多卡拆分)
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batch_results = await loop.run_in_executor(
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self.executor,
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self._process_batch_on_device,
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model,
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device,
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# 关键修复:不在ThreadPoolExecutor中执行CUDA操作
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# 改为在专门的CUDA线程中执行,避免多线程CUDA上下文导致的内存泄漏
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batch_results = await self._execute_cuda_operation(
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device,
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self._process_batch_on_device,
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model,
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device,
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images_with_info
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)
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@ -425,9 +533,9 @@ class RmbgService:
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if result_idx in item_index_map:
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item = item_index_map[result_idx]
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result_mapping[result_idx] = (processed_image, item)
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# 并行保存
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# 并行保存(IO操作可以使用线程池)
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save_task = loop.run_in_executor(
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self.executor, self.save_image_to_file, processed_image
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self.io_executor, self.save_image_to_file, processed_image
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)
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save_tasks.append((result_idx, save_task))
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@ -471,18 +579,21 @@ class RmbgService:
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gc.collect()
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# 降级:单张处理(使用当前 worker 的 model 和 device)
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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for item in batch_items:
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try:
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# 使用当前 worker 的 model 和 device 进行单张处理
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result_image = await loop.run_in_executor(
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self.executor,
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# 关键修复:CUDA操作使用专门的CUDA线程
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result_image = await self._execute_cuda_operation(
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device,
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self._process_single_image_on_device,
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model,
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device,
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item.image
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)
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# IO操作使用IO线程池
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image_url = await loop.run_in_executor(
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self.executor, self.save_image_to_file, result_image
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self.io_executor, self.save_image_to_file, result_image
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)
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if not item.future.done():
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item.future.set_result({
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@ -803,7 +914,18 @@ class RmbgService:
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item.future.set_exception(Exception("服务关闭,请求被取消"))
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await self.http_client.aclose()
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self.executor.shutdown(wait=True)
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# 停止CUDA线程
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for device_key, stop_flag in self.cuda_thread_stop_flags.items():
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stop_flag.set()
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for device_key, thread in self.cuda_threads.items():
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thread.join(timeout=5.0)
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if thread.is_alive():
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logger.warning(f"CUDA线程 {device_key} 未能及时停止")
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# 停止IO执行器
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self.io_executor.shutdown(wait=True)
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if torch.cuda.is_available():
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torch.cuda.empty_cache()
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gc.collect()
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